Research Review of the Tolerance of Muslims with Non-Muslims in Spain and its Impacts
Abstract
Islamic ideology is the basis and source of Islamic state, which sets out the rights of
Muslims as well as the Dhimmis. Islam teaches the tolerance and fairness to nonMuslims citizens. Islam gives the non-Muslims religious freedom. Quran says, “There
is no compulsion in Faith”. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) says, “If anyone wrongs a
Mu'ahid, detracts from his rights, burdens him with more work than he is able to do,
or takes something from him without his consent, I will plead for him on the Day of
Resurrection”. Arab Muslims conquered Spain in 711 A.C. The Muslims defeated
Christians there, while the Jews also existed there. When the Muslims (Moors)
conquered this country, they behaved and treated the people here with fairness and
tolerance. The tolerance of Muslims has had a profound impact on non-Muslims and
the environment here. Many of non-Muslims converted to Islam with their own
consent. Muslims gave them full enfranchise to worship according to their own
religion; the priest did not need to hide their religious status. Muslim Spain had
complete freedom of education which led to students coming from other countries for
pursuit education. Non-Muslims adopted culture, living style and ways to dress of
Muslims. They learned Arabic and began to read poetry in Arabic. Arabic literature
translated into Hebrew and Latin by non-Muslims. In Muslim Spain there was
freedom of expression. The Jewish scholar Ibn Naghrila spoke on the beliefs of
Muslims under the Muslim rule in Spain.
Hasdai ibn Shaprot (d.970) established a madrasa for Jews in Cordova to teach the
Holy Scripture and Talmud. Katie Magnus (d.1924) says, “Like a dream in the night –
Life in Spain”. Due to the tolerance of Muslims, Europeans became aware of
civilization and from that time renaissance began. Muslims behaved non-Muslims
with tolerance, contrary to non-Muslims, while they overcome on Muslims, wherever
their attitude with Muslims is always regrettable. With the fall of the Muslim’s
empire, Spain fell into the darkness of ignorance. Stanley lane-Poole (d.1931) says,
“The Moors were banished, for a while the Christian Spain shone, like the Moon,
with a borrowed light, then came the eclipse, and in that darkness Spain grovelled
ever since”.
Rooh Ullah, Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad. (2020) سپین میں مسلمانوں کا غیر مسلمانوں کے ساتھ رواداری اور اسکے اثرات کا تحقیی جائزہ, Journal of Islamic Civilization and Culture, Volume 3, Issue 1.
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