Abstract
This paper analyses James Joyce’s short story Counterparts from the perspective of
the narrator and the concept of focalization. The paper begins by giving a brief
theoretical exposition of the two terms ‘narrator’ and ‘focalization’ and proceeds to
examine the text in its natural narrative sequence. Joyce’s skilful manipulation of
focalization as a narrative tool takes the reader on a journey through the
protagonist’s private thoughts and feelings as the events in the story unfold. The
focalization keeps on shifting as the action advances in its temporal and spatial
parameters. The reader gets a glimpse into the consciousness of the main character
as encapsulated in the narrative leading to multiple cognitive interpretations.
Rubina Rahman, Amtul Hafeez. (2013) Focalization and Narrator in James Joyce’s Counterparts, The Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, Volume-21, Issue-3.
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