Abstract
Response-to-Intervention (RTI) is a complex process that addresses how to diagnose, label, instruct and evaluate low-performing students. Despite RTI being a common school practice in public elementary schools across the United States, there is little consensus on how to implement RTI within educational settings. In this validation study, the authors describe the development of a rubric that aims to evaluate the implementation of RTI as a school-wide reading intervention in elementary schools. Using a test development procedure (Downing & Haladyna; 2006), the rubric was developed based upon a review of the literature, validation by known experts in the field, and a comparison by two independent raters to evaluate two schools’ RTI implementation. Through this process, six components were identified, which include evaluating: Tier 1 instruction, universal screening procedures, Tier 2 and Tier 3 interventions, progress monitoring practices, evidence-based decision-making, and organizational supports. Results suggest that the Implementation Rubric for RTI Assessment in Reading (I-RRR) is a valid and reliable measure of the effectiveness of RTI implementation.

Kimy Liu, Jacob Werblow. (2016) Validation Study of the Implementation Rubric for RTI in Reading (I-RRR) at Elementary Schools , Journal of Elementary Education, Volume-26, Issue-2.
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