Abstract
The role of state in the contemporary global system is greatly shaped by its inner or
domestic strength that include economic resilience, socio-political harmony and a stable
constitutional political order. These attributes cannot be achieved by a state unless it
assigns the highest priority to human and societal development and promotion of
egalitarian socio-economic arrangements that provide equal opportunities to all citizens
irrespective of ethnicity, language, religion, caste, region or gender. The focus is on
transforming human resources into human capital through education, learning of
technology and skills, and health care. There is now a greater emphasis on good
governance and a fair and transparent political management and delivery of basic
services to the society. This covers policy making and implementation regarding a host of
key issues. It is also important to ensure that the fruits of economic growth are fairly
distributed in the society. The state must work towards removing socio-economic
inequities and disparities among people and regions. This paper examines the major
factors responsible for the growing emphasis in state policy on human and social
development as well as the historical evolution of this change. It is argued that the
political developments in the 1990s and later contributed most in creating a global
awareness about human and societal developments. These include, inter alia, the end of
the Cold War, the collapse of some states, the rise of religious and cultural extremism
and terrorism and the efforts of the various organs and agencies of the United Nations to
promote human development and social stability. The paper also identifies the major
obstacles in the developing countries, especially in Pakistan, to socio-economic
development and distributive justice.
Hasan Askari Rizvi. (2017) MAJOR ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF HUMAN AND SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT, Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 56, Issue 2.
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