Abstract
Globalization has exacerbated the threat of transnational terrorism in the Middle Eastern region which is already marked with several fault lines including sectarian divide, authoritarianism, poor governance and religious extremism. Not only have the regional structural and territorial dimension of the region elevated the influence of the violent non-state actors, they have also led to the emergence of a new non-state actor, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which has adopted entirely different practices from other non-state actors including alQaeda. Structural dimension consisting of sectarian divide and fractured state structure has helped ISIS to compartmentalize the society in Iraq and Levant and the territorial dimension has provided it an opportunity in attracting foreign fighters and gaining wealth on an unprecedented level. This paper explains the sudden rise of the ISIS as a formidable force in Middle East. It the context of globalization of the non-state actors and violence in which it explains the rise of Islamists and it argues that the political, economic and social situation of the ISIScontrolled territories in Iraq and Syria was already fertile to be exploited. Had it not been ISIS, there could have been someone else who could have exploited the situation, filled the power vacuum and enjoyed all of the robust indicators exploited by the Islamist organization. This study is based on an explanatory approach and relies on secondary data, particularly newspaper and electronic media sources.
Dr. Saima Kayani, , Raja Qaiser Ahmed, Muhammad Shoaib. (2015) Regionalization of Political Violence: Arab Levant and Rise of Islamic State, The Dialogue, Volume 10, Issue 1.
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