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The journey of state security from conventional deterrence to nuclear deterrence is covered with the death of millions during WW11. The attack of American nuclear bomb on Japan transformed the old balance of power system into balance of terror system and a race began among the nations to get nuclear deterrence, so that they could secure their ‘existence’ in the world arena. Nevertheless, the tragedy of the nuclear deterrence is that whenever a state ‘acquired this (nuclear) capability, it involved with all its might to block the ways and means of other states to acquire it. History of the nuclear deterrence openly confirmed this hypothesis – it was either McMahon Act of 1946 or the declaration made by the Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG) in 1975 - both represent those conscious efforts which were made to keep away smaller plus rival states from nuclear power group. However, in reality these efforts were unsuccessful to restrict the proliferation of nuclear power. The American use of nuclear bombs in Japan in 1945 gave birth to two major issues which the policy makers needed to be answered – whether atomic power should be used again against any state and how to prevent other states to acquire it. The magnitude of destruction which world witnessed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki responded the first one positively negative but for the second the efforts are still in progress. In spite of all global efforts either collective or individual, the states which were determined to acquire the nuclear power, succeeded to achieve it like France and Pakistan. This research focused not only the roots of the obsession which forced France and Pakistan to be nuclear power and announced it but also explains their attitudes towards the use of nuclear power as security deterrence. Two major questions are tried to be answer in this research: Why did France and Pakistan obsess to achieve nuclear deterrence? How did they behave after achieving this technology?France and Pakistan (especially), were those states, which began to achieve their nuclear deterrence in that age when the world had two nuclear powers in case of France (US/USSR) and five in case of Pakistan (US/USSR/UK/FR/CH). All these powers were extremely obsessed to maintain the nuclear status quo in the world, to keep their monopoly and greatness in the world. French and Pakistani attitude towards the use of nuclear power as security deterrence depends on the perceived level of threat perception that’s why France in 1990s even reached the conviction of Zero Option while for Pakistan nuclear security is still a First Option.

Dr. Humaira Masood Dar. (2018) France and Pakistan Quest for Nuclear Deterrence: A Response to the Issue of National Security, Orient Research Journal of Social Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 1.
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