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The supervisor’s negative attitude towards voice and unavailability of communication channels are
considered significant predictors of defensive silence. However, lesser consideration has been given to
provide an in-depth explanation of how and why these motivational forces influence employees’ step by
step conscious decision to engage in defensive silence. This qualitative study incorporates semi-structured
interviews with bank employees of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Thematic coding and causal networking
techniques were used to transcribe and analyse data and derive emerging themes. Taking influence from
the elements of Expectancy Theory, this paper extends theory in the context of service sector by presenting
two expectancy theory based defensive silence models. The first model provides reasons such as favoritism,
political appointment, supervisor’s self-interest etc., to explain how and why the supervisor’s negative
attitude towards voice influences employees’ cognitive mechanism to adopt defensive silence. Similarly, the
second model presents the emerging themes like centralized decision system, career ladder, leg pulling,
professional jealousy etc., to explain how and why unavailability of communication channels predicts
defensive silence. Thus, the study extends the application of expectancy theory and defensive silence
phenomenon to new empirical context. The paper concludes with a discussion on implications and
recommendations for future work.
Dr. AMEN IMRAN, Dr. SUNDUS WASAI KHAN, Mr. SAMIULLAH KHAN. (2020) Conscious Decision to Engage in Defensive Silence: An Expectancy Theory Perspective, International Review of Management and Business Research, Volume 9, Issue 4 .
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