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The FM radio played an important role in the rise of the Taliban in Swat. Their leader, Maulana Fazlullah, was not the first cleric to use the airwaves to reach out to the masses but he was the first who was able to win over people to his version of Islam by his broadcasts on the pirate FM radio. The timings and contents of his broadcasts were carefully chosen to reach the maximum number of people. Their influence on the people was beyond anyone’s expectations. Soon, Fazlullah became known as “Mullah Radio” and his radio sermons convinced a great many people that the militants were struggling for a just cause. The broadcast became very popular and during the height of Fazlullah’s control in Swat in 2007 and 2008, almost everyone listened to his radio. The listeners were influenced by the messages which slowly prepared them for an armed struggle. It can be said that he would have not been able to raise a big army of fighters without the comprehensive communication system he created using his pirate FM radio service. It was so important that the Taliban tried their best to keep it on-air when they were on the run during the army operation. The key lesson is that rebel media plays a key role during militancy to advance their agenda and state authorities should take proactive measures to stop or neutralize it to end violence.

Sajjad Malik. (2013) Media And Militancy: Case Study Of Use Of Fm Radio By Taliban In Swat, IPRI Journal, Volume-13, Issue-1.
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