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The current study was conducted to develop the indigenous
scales of family criticism and emotional over involvement in
Pakistani community in the context of expressed emotion
theory. To generate items for the scales, four focus groups were
conducted with students, housewives, class II, and class IV
workers. To establish the psychometric properties, these scales
were administered to a sample of 500 participants belonging to
different socio-economic status, professions, residential areas,
and both genders. Exploratory Factor Analysis generated two
factors for Perceived Criticism Scale namely Cultural and
Religious Aspects of Criticism and Gender Related Criticism
and three factors of Emotional Over-involvement Scale namely
Self Sacrificing Behavior, Overprotective Behavior, and
Cultural Conceptualization of Emotional Over-involvement.
Reliability and factor analyses of both scales indicated that
these scales are reliable and valid to measure family criticism
and emotional over-involvement in social interactions of
Pakistani families.
Nasreen Akhtar, Kausar Suhail, Shabbir Ahmad Rana, Swaran P. Singh. (2013) Development of Culturally-specific Family Criticism Scale and Emotional Over-involvement Scale, Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, Volume-28, Issue-2.
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