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This qualitative study compares the experiences of men who conceptualized their
distress in cultural or religious terms (Al-Krenawi & Graham, 1999; Dein, Alexander, &
Napier, 2008) and sought relevant treatments with the experiences of men who were
treated for mental illness by psychiatrists. Using grounded theory methodology (Fassinger,
2005), results indicate that men who represented their distress in cultural or religious
terms were not stigmatized and were instead treated with sympathy. They were therefore
able to express their distress and seek help rather than resort to avoidant and selfdestructive behaviors typical of men suffering from mental illness (Brownhill, Wilhelm,
Barclay & Schmied, 2005; Chuick et. al., 2009). Moreover, shifting the cause of
dysfunctional behavior to external entities enabled them to transcend typical gender
role socialization that emphasizes stoicism and autonomy (Sheppard, 2002) and allowed
the expression of weakness and vulnerability
Humair Yusuf. (2011) The Use of Culturally Appropriate Representations of Distress in the Treatment of Mental Illness, Journal of Independent Studies and Research-Management, Social Sciences and Economics, Volume-09, Issue-2.
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