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Violence in punishments by school teachers, class leaders or even peers causes delinquency and deviancy among students. This phenomenon is reported from all continents of the world both from formal schooling and informal education system. This paper investigates how schools as structures produce violence and what are the mechanisms through which violence is received by students. Two alternatives were assumed in construction of this variable: first, the School administration, which are structured in such a manner that promotes masculinity, and the second, the culture in neighborhoods that instigate students to reflect upon is schools where vulnerable students are the recipients. These vulnerabilities may include subvariables such as ethnicity, age, gender, class or even physical disabilities. The third possibility is that youth in Schools sustain violence back home and project their reaction on others as replica in schools. The curriculum is not considered in this study as the syllabus in government schools uniform so it may not be a determining variable across schools under consideration. This paper is derived from the literature of my PhD dissertation in which a sample size of 522 students (54.6% boys and 45.4% girls) was randomly selected on proportional allocation basis all enrolled in Grade 10 in December 2013. The major findings of that study showed that almost all of the respondents (95.59%) agreed that violence at school is the major cause of dropout from school; as result shows in this study that majority of respondents (73.47%) agreed that harsh treatment of teacher is ineffective in making student to comply on homework assignments.

Dr. Jamil Ahmad Chitrali, Dr. Mussarat Anwar, Dr. Syeda Nabahat. (2014) Structure of Violence in Pakistani Schools: A Gender Based Analysis, Pakistan Journal of Criminology, Volume-06, Issue-2.
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