تلخیص
When the Britishers failed to suppress the resistance from Pashtuns and Baloch, they adopted some special measures for dealing with the situation. One of these special measures was the introduction of Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR). Through FCR, they tried to exploit local people's socio-cultural values for furthering their own interests. This paper seeks to investigate as to how the British twisted Pashtun socio-cultural institutions like Jirga and collective responsibility to suppress the resistance to the colonial rule. The study is based on qualitative data mainly collected from primary sources like archival material and interviews and focus group discussions with Pashtun elders and educated people having deeper understanding of both Pashtun socio-cultural values and the colonial policies like FCR.
Wasai, Hanif Khalil. (2021) EXPLOITATION OF PASHTUN'S SOCIO-CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS BY THE BRITISHERS: A CASE STUDY OF JIRGA AND COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY, Pakistan , Volume 58, Issue 1.
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