The Identity of the Pashtoons in the Light of Indus Valley Civilization
تلخیص
Indus Valley represents different ancient civilization of sub continent since very long, which leads some prominent ethnic groups. The Pashtun identity and impacts of Pashtun culture on different civilizations remained very significant in the context of Anthropological and cultural studies for academia. The present day Pakistan which was a part of Indian sub continent before its partition 1947 is resided by people who belong to four great civilizations i.e. Sindhis, Punjabis, Balochis and Pathans. The cultural heritage of the contemporary Pakistan is though thousand years old, yet it is referred to as Indian culture indus valley civilization. All the four provinces of prevailing Pakistan posses old relics of civilization but that of Sindh and Gandhara (Peshawar) are particularly replete with ancient Ghandhara civilization (Pashtun civilization) recognized as the ancient most and the most stable of both the civilization and that even in Sindh we can see the relics of Pashtun civilization during different periods of history. Not only in Sindh but also in Punjab and Baluchistant and other parts of Pakistan Pashtun cultural has been noted as tremendous and prominent and that is why it has affected other civilizations of Sub-continent. Before Islam vidaic civilization i.e. Regvid Atharvid, Yajrvid and Samvid prevailed in India. Therefore, we have to establish the relation between vidis and Afghans. The above mentioned four holy books of Hindus were compiled during Aryan period. A lot of discussions have already taken place about the Aryan. We only want to explain that Aghan tribes had played a great role during that time in this article. Who were the Aryans, and what was their origin and what is the country of their origin? It is not certain but anyhow Aryans were Pashtun tribes who had been living in Afghanistan before they came to Indianan sub content. Mainly the Pashtun identity has been focused in historical context in this paper by supporting different references from history and other sources. It has also been focused that Pashtuns and their cultural identity in the context of Indus Valley Civilization remain very peculiar through the ages since thousands of years
ڈاکٹر حنیف خلیل. (2019) پشتونوں کی شناخت وادی سندھ کی تہذیبی پس منظر میں , , Volume 30, Issue 1.
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