Evolution and Development of Mysticism in Indo-Pak Subcontinent
تلخیص
Mysticism most often is described as Union or communication with God or the ultimate destination through certain ways and means. In the realms of history, it existed in all religion like Islam, Hinduism, Christianity and Buddhism. Mysticism is such a variable that despite its vitality, it could not be defined uniformly by the sages and historians. Mysticism existed in India in the form of Jogis, Sadhus of Hinduism and monks of Buddhism. It was a non-violent way to preach the message of peace and humanity. With the advent of Islam in India, Mysticism paved the way for propagation of Islamic teachings and ideals. It became popular in the masses because it generally did not challenged the prevailing norms and traditions but reconciled with it. In the sub-continent the mystics travelled with the conquerors mainly from Central Asia and different school of thoughts were established like Chistia, Qadria, Naqshbandia and Suhrwardiya. The prevalent school of thought in time of Mujjadad Alf Sani was Wahdatul Wajud meaning the unity of all beings but Mujjadad introduced the thought of Wahadat ul Shahud or the differentiation between creation and Creator. Despite imprisonment Mujjadad stood firm to his view and his opposition to Din-i-Ilahi (self presumed religion of Emperor Akbar). Due to the contribution of these great mystics, the mysticism still beautify Islam and is considered as essence of many religions. Allama Iqbal applauded the contribution of these mystics especially in terms of self-enlightenment however he criticized it for its approach like mysticism more oftenly become non-communicable.
ڈاکٹر شاہد اقبال کامران, محمد مظہر سعید. (2019) برصغیر پاک و ہند میں تصوف کا آغاز و ارتقاء, , Volume 30, Issue 1.
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