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BSTRACT Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. was studied for its fruit types, brood size, germination and seedling morphology. The fruit of D. viscosa, a capsule, was associated with a varying number of reniform wings (2-4). Out of 818 fruits studied, the three-winged fruits predominated in number (88.02%). Two-winged fruits were less frequent (11.0%) and four-winged fruits were rare (0.98% only). The fruit showed two distinct regions. The central darker region is the capsule extending into pale -cream membranous wings. The main veins of the capsular region (brown) branched profusely to form a reticulum. The finer veinlets were generally single, linear, and straight. The veins from the capsular region entered the wings, they branched and running almost parallel to each other they traversed to the wing margin where they united with a prominent vein running along the margin of the wings. The number of locules in a fruit was generally equal to the number of wings associated with the fruit. The brood size varied from zero to five seeds per fruit and averaged to 1.64 ± 0.18 seeds. It was maximum in four-winged fruits (mean: 2.63 ± 0.498; ranging from 1 to 5) followed by three-winged large-sized fruits (2.08 ± 0.073seeds per fruits; ranging from 1 to 4 seeds) and minimum in two-winged seeds - 1.35 ± 0.098 seeds per fruit in large fruits and 1.42 ± 0.076 seeds per fruit in case of smaller fruits. Seeds were hard subglobose, dark chocolate brown to black in colour around 3- 4 mm in diameter. They were plugged at the micropyle and characterized with a pleurogram. Seeds glutinous (viscid shiny and sticky surface), lustrous and devoid of non-glandular hairs but dotted with resin glands of various sizes. The cells of testa surface were periclinally concave. The anticlinal walls were thick, smooth and curvy. The relief of the surface was reticulately patterned in variously shaped depressions in succession with raised anticlinal walls. The emergence of seedlings from soil was episodic. Within 20-day incubation the emergence reached to 50% of the sown seeds. The seedlings were Phanerocotylar-Epigeal and foliaceous type. Cotyledons were linear and opposite and embryo was coiled. Leaves alternate and dorsiventral. Cotyledons and leaves both were amphistomatic with higher stomatal density on the lower surface. Diverse stomatal types were observed – anomocytic, cyclocytic, tetracytic, anisocytic, staurocytic, 1½ cyclic tetracytic and bicyclic anomocytic. Ventral surface of seedling leaf had 155.88 ± 5.08 (88.46 – 216.24) stomata per mm2 . Stomata were elliptical with prominent ledges. Subsidiaries were distinct and smaller on cotyledon and leaf but non-distinct of capsular wall. There were two types of trichomes. The non-glandular trichomes were only present on the margins of very young leaves and the glandular trichomes (capitate and stalked resin glands) were distributed not only on capsular wall and wings of the fruit but also on hypocotyl, both surfaces of cotyledons and leaves and seeds. The glands were more numerous on younger organs. The largest gland seen on ventral surface of leaf had diameter of the head c 84.45 µm (diameters: 78.3 and 90.6 µm at right angle) and the stalk c 20.0 µm in length. The results are discussed in the light of available literature.
D. Khan, Shoaib Ismail. (2019) FRUIT TYPES, BROOD-SIZE, GERMINATION AND SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY OF HOPBUSH [(DODONAEA VISCOSA (L.) JACQ.), FAMILY SAPINDACEAE], , Volume 16, Issue 3.
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