تلخیص
Pashto is one of the most ancient languages of the subcontinent which impacted deeply the other oriental languages. Similarly Punjabi too is a widely spoken language of the Punjab and surrounding areas as well. Due to its geographical vastness Punjab is considered the most important part of India. Though there are a number of languages and dialects spoken in this vast area of Punjab but the central occupied by that Punjabi language which was also called Hindivi and Urdu. In this vast region of Punjab, Pukhtoons have been settled during different periods of history in different capacities. Punjab has tremendous power of absorption that's why the people who come here left their imprints. Pashto has nearly the same impacts on Punjabi as it has on Urdu because firstly Urdu and Punjabi have very close relations so much so the Urdu and Punjabi are the two names of a single language. Since Urdu had different regional names, among them one name is Punjab in the old days. Now due to very cosmetic variations, Punjabi is now a separate language. Secondly after Peshawar, Punjab is used to be the base of invasion of those pukhtoons invaders who invaded India. Therefore, the interaction of Pakhtoons and Pashto language was a natural process with the local people Punjabi and their dialect. Thirdly Punjabi was previously known as Lahori which is also called Hindi, and Hindvi before it was called lahori and Pashto has already deep impacts on it. Since Punjabi is a separate language by dent of linguistic and dialectical changes therefore, a stage wise analysis from ancient time up to the present day impacts of Pashto on Punjabi should be made . This paper deals with the said linguistic and cultural analysis
ڈاکٹر محمد حنیف خلیل. (2018) پنجابی پر پشستو زبان کے اثرات (تاریخی ، لسانی اور جغرافیائی عوامل), , Volume 29, Issue 1.
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