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Entrepreneurship is considered as a solution to unemployment. It is believed
that Entrepreneurial Self-Effi cacy (ESE) is imperative for a person to be an
entrepreneur. This study aims to examine the determinants of ESE among university
students in Pakistan. This is one of the fundamental constructs in the psychology
of entrepreneurship research and often integrated in entrepreneurial intentions
models to explain why some persons are more likely than others to become
entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial Self-Effi cacy Scale prepared by Chen, Greene, and
Crick (1998) was used in this study for collecting data. Total 800 questionnaires
were distributed among conveniently selected students out of which 742 completely
fi lled questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 92.75%. The results
revealed a signifi cant difference between bachelor and master class students in
terms of ESE. The model R-squared indicated that 5.7 percent of the variation in the
ESE is explained by the personal characteristics. The paper concludes by pointing
out some limitations of the study and discussing the possible effect of personal
characteristics on ESE
Muhammad Shakir. (2019) Personal Characteristics as Determinants of Entrepreneurial Self-Effi cacy among University Students in Pakistan, Journal of Education and Educational Development, Volume 6, 6.2.
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