تلخیص
Born in the Decani age, Urdu Poem went through many ups and downs in the literary journey. The period from 1857õ1947 was particularly long and significant for Urdu poetry and modern Poem. After 1857 when there was disappointment and pessimism in the air, personality of Sir Syed turned out to be a ray of hope and freshness in the suppressed scenario. When Sir Syed led the nation in practical and purposeful direction, his poet friends not only expressed harsh realities in Modern poem but also gave birth to new type of poetry. Muhammad Hussain Azad, Altaf Hussain Hali, Ismail Meerthi and Shibli Nomani were among the significant poets of this age. Azad and Hali used AnjmanõeõPunjab platform to introduce Modern poem. After that Akbar Alla Abadi took Modern poem to new heights. In addition, development movement, romanticism, and other literary movements paved the way for growth of modern Urdu poem. Then Iqbal appeared as a bright star on the scene who inculcated a renewed spirit in modern Urdu Poem. Hence, we can say that new metaphors, similes, words all offered novel heights to poetry which we can see in Iqbalþs poetry that played a significant role in creation of Pakistan.
Dr. Muhammad Afzal Butt . (2019) جدید اردو نظم: آغاز سے قیامِ پاکستان تک (مختصر جائزہ), Journal of Research (Urdu), Volume 35, Issue 1.
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