تلخیص
Pakistan has become water scarce and is ranked 8th most vulnerable country to the effects of Climate Change. Pakistan is water based economy, where about 91.6% of water is consumed in agricultural sector. The entire reliance is on Indus River System which is fed by rainfalls and glacial melt. There are constant disagreements among provinces on availability of water. Water entitlements to provinces are higher than actual availability based on the assumption that by then more dams would be built. Serious tensions on water flows into Eastern Rivers have evolved between Pakistan and India despite of Indus Water Treaty. This treaty fails to address division of shortages in dry season and cumulative impact of storages on Chenab into Pakistan. For almost six decades Pakistan and India have smoothly sailed through the tough times but now with growing tensions and other conflicts water is foremost in bilateral relations. India is using water as a toll against Pakistan exploiting its upper riparian status. Water assumes the status of national Security concern requiring immediate attention and resolution as Pakistan faces both inter-state and intra-state water crises. Keywords: Water Crisis, National Security, Integrated Water Management, PakistanIndia Conflict
Zainab Ahmed. (2019) Pakistan’s Water Crisis and Indus River System: Revisiting National Security, Journal of Political Studies, Volume 26, Issue 2.
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