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Integrating robotics and artificial intelligence into military operations has raised complex legal questions regarding their compliance with international law. This paper delves into the multifaceted relationship between robots and international legal norms, exploring their implications in various domains. The study categorizes robotic weapon systems into three classifications based on human involvement: Human in Loop, Human On Loop, and Human Out of Loop systems. It scrutinizes the compliance of these systems with international laws, including International Human Rights Law, with a focus on humanity, the right to life, bodily integrity/security, due process rights, the right to remedy, and the extraterritorial application of human rights. Furthermore, the paper investigates the intersection of robots with International Humanitarian Law. It examines their impact on other international legal regimes, such as the Law of the Sea and Space Law. The analysis extends to the relevance of domestic legal frameworks in governing robotic technologies. By synthesizing these perspectives, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the legal challenges posed by robots today. Ultimately, it highlights the need for a nuanced and comprehensive approach to ensure that robots comply with international law while serving various societal functions.
Maseeh Ullah, Andleeb Anwar, Muhammad Atif Nazir. (2023) ROBOTS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: NAVIGATING THE LEGAL LANDSCAPE, PAKISTAN ISLAMICUS (An International Journal of Islamic & Social Sciences), PAKISTAN ISLAMICUS: July -September; Vol-03 Issue- 02, Issue 2.
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