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Fluoroquinolones are a group of antibiotics that are widely used in the infections of respiratory tract and urinary tract. They are broad spectrum bactericidal drugs. They kill the ba ... Read More
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Pakistan. There are no studies in Pakistan on TB disease mapping and spatial analysis at the country level. This study was conducted to map and id ... Read More
Yunis-Varon syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic facial features and limb anomalies. We report a neonate born to consanguineously married normal pa ... Read More
Liposarcoma arising in the thoracic cavity is a rare entity. It is usually found in the retroperitoneal space and the extremities. No case of thoracic liposarcoma in a patient suffering fr ... Read More
Advances in imaging modalities have improved diagnosis of diseases in patients allowing physicians to make earlier and accurate diagnosis with resultant improved overall outcome for ... Read More
Green coloured urine is atypical as it usually signifies the presence of an exogenous substance. Several substances in literature have been associated with green urine including propofol, b ... Read More
Accessory mitral valve tissue is a rare congenital anomaly that is commonly incidentally diagnosed. When symptomatic, it tends to present with features of left ventricular outflow (LVOT) o ... Read More
Plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is a very rare plasma cell dyscrasia with a significant number of monoclonal plasma cells in the peripheral blood. It is diagnosed by the presence of ≥ 2x109 ... Read More
Spasticity after spinal cord injury is a major problem that can limit the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. Oral baclofen is more frequently used in treating spasticity than othe ... Read More
This is the time of paradigm shift in the treatment of primary membranousnephropathy which carries a major position in causing nephrotic syndrome in adult population and has been labelled as a cause o ... Read More
Metabolic syndrome (MetS)is clustering of various cardiometabolic risk factors and it increases the risk of cardiovascular diseasesanddiabetes. Unhealthy lifestyle predisposes employees to i ... Read More
Background:Preterm births are among the leading causes of fetomaternal mortality and morbidity. Progesterone is routinely used for the treatment of preterm births butscarce data ... Read More
Background:The advent of US guided FNAC in the investigation of adenopathy has become a suitable and commonly practiced minimally invasive procedure which is safe, simple, quick, highly cost effective ... Read More
Background:The useofanti-epilepticdrugsforprophylaxisofearlypost-traumaticseizuresaftertraumaticbraininjuryhasbeenverypromising.The objectiveofthisstudywastodeterminetheoutcomeofphenytoininpreventiono ... Read More
Background:Pakistan is one of the countries where practice of forensic odontologyand its record keepingis poor due to which we face difficulty in identification of individuals in disasters and other m ... Read More
Background:Scabies is a common dermatological presentation in Pakistan. Permethrin and Crotamiton both are used widely for treating scabies. As there is no local study available regarding comp ... Read More
Background: Magnesium serves as a cofactor for various oxidation reactions in the body and helps in glucose transport across cell membrane. Deficiency of magnesium is a common electrolyte a ... Read More
Background:Cementoenamel junction represents the demarcation between enamel covered crown and cementum covered root surface. There is paucity of population specific data of the morphological v ... Read More
Background: Injuries are one of the highly prevalent public health problems of Pakistan but still we are unable to develop a mechanism for its quantification and management. To understand the reasons ... Read More
Background:Organizations flourish with a satisfied workforce. There is little known information on demographic characteristics and motivators for job satisfaction among Pakistani postgraduate trainees ... Read More
Background:World Health Organization recommends eight antenatal visits throughoutpregnancy. Along with full blood count and fasting blood sugar tests, thirty-ninerecommendations are ... Read More
Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common problem encountered by the gynaecologists, leiomyoma being one of themost common causes. An accurate knowledge of the different variants and ... Read More
Background:Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity among developing and developed countries. Hypertensive Retinopathy is a micro vascular complication of long standing hypertension whil ... Read More
Background:Re-admission following day care surgery in ENT(Ear, Nose & Throat) results in significant morbidity to patient & massive load to hospital & also raises the question on the safety of day car ... Read More
Background:Abnormal liver function tests lead to interruptions of Deferasirox therapy. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of deferasirox dose 30 mg /kg /day in maintaining cardiac protect ... Read More
Background:Malnutrition in hospitalized patients, contributes to poor outcomes. Biomarkerserum prealbumin, can prevent thecomplicationsby commencement of nutritional support to improveclinical outcome ... Read More
Background:The growth of sella turcica is completed early in life, therefore it can be used as a stable landmark for the prediction of future skeletal malocclusions.This early diagnosis may help inpla ... Read More
DIVERSE ANATOMICAL CONFIGURATION OF RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE IN RELATION TO INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY, AN EXPERIENCE WITH 51 THYROIDECTOMIE ... Read More
Background: Free tissue transfer is a routine practice in adults with good success rates.Further advances in techniques and microsurgical skills have proved that free tissue transfer in paediatric pop ... Read More
Background:Increasing affection of younger patients with ischemic heart disease is an enhanced concern in developing Asian nations. This study elaborates the morphology and distributio ... Read More
Background: This study was conducted to establish the accuracy of R/S ratios in localizing accessory pathways in Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome on surface ECGs.Methods: This was a retrospective cross- ... Read More
Background:The incidence of brachial plexus injuries have shown to increase over the years. It is 1–2% worldwide according to theWHO. In global brachial plexus injuries and lower root injures when the ... Read More
Today I am writing to highlight a new Pakistani health crisis - The rise of typhoid "superbug"! Typhoid fever remains a significant public health threat in low- and middle-income ... Read More
Bone marrow examination is a useful tool for diagnosis of many diseases. The utility of bone marrow examination in workup of pyrexia of unknown origin cannot be undermined. Bone trephine o ... Read More
Over the past decade there is increased use of vitamin D supplementation because of its benefits on bone health. It is a fat-soluble vitamin and cannot be excreted from the body. There is need for mon ... Read More
Background: One of the common causes of mortality and morbidity among young women is cervical cancer. Following a wash of cervix through acetic acid, the Papanicolaou (PAP) smears and the visual inspe ... Read More
Background:A range of surgical options from banding to open haemorrhoidectomy are available for the treatment of haemorrhoids. Haemorrhoidal artery ligation operation (HALO) with or without ... Read More
Background:Internet is a technology that was designed to facilitate research and official communication. According to Internet World Stats, there are 3.36 billion internet users in the world ... Read More
Background:This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Pakistan.Methods:In this mu ... Read More
Background: Patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients are at high risk of opportunistic infections. Little international and no national data is availab ... Read More
Background: Thalassemia is inherited disorder characterized by haemolytic anaemia, due to complete absence or reduced β-globin chain synthesis, stimulating pathological bone marrow overstimulation and ... Read More
Background: Uterine rupture, an obstetrical emergency though rare but still has grave implications. Uterine rupture is the occurrence of breach in the wall of uterus. Complete rupture invol ... Read More
Background: Water is an essential component of glass ionomer cement. Water balance is probably the most important and least understood mechanism with the glass ionomer cement. ... Read More
Background Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a relatively rare thyroid malignancy and its clinical course varies among patients due to its familial association. A number of prognostic ... Read More
The Punjab Cancer Registry, a population-based cancer registry (PBCR), sponsored by the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust, was established in 2005, by the collaborative efforts of the prof ... Read More
Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome also known as Berdon syndrome is characterized by enlarged urinary bladder, small colon and reduced or absent inte ... Read More
Prostate carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in males all around the world. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is amongst the leading carcinoma (HNSCC) in men especially in the sub-continen ... Read More
The foetus acquires rubella through the course of pregnancy. The clinical significance depends on the time of the mother's acquisition of the virus. If maternal infection happens to be in ... Read More
Metastatic tumour involving the testis is a rare event. Incidental discovery of metastatic cancer in a therapeutic orchiectomy is even rarer. We report a case of metastatic aden ... Read More
We present a case of 7 years old boy with a very rare debilitating autosomal dominant disorder characterized by heterotopic ossification. Fibro dysplasia ossificans progressiva affects 1 in ... Read More
ackground:The current era of genome engineering has been revolutionized by the evolution of a bacterial adaptive immune system, CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) into ... Read More
Background: Wilms tumour is the most common renal tumour in paediatric age group. This study was done to compare the two approaches used for treatment, namely upfront nephrectomy versus pre-operative ... Read More
Background:Beta thalassaemia is one of the commonestgenetic conditionsin the world.More than 200 different mutations have been reported in the beta globin chain genes. Notably, regional and ethnic var ... Read More
Background: Household storage of medicines is a world-wide practice that triggers the irrational use of medicines and consequent threats. The purpose of this research is to explore sources o ... Read More
Background: Present era of endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches have revolutionized surgical management of Common Bile Duct (CBD) stones. Open procedures like Choledochoduodenostom ... Read More
Background:Family planning is of great importance in population dynamics as unregulated fertility negatively affects the economic stabilization of the country. Family planning is considered ... Read More
Background: Biomedical knowledge, though pre-requisite, needs to be supported by other important skills, in order to transform medical education and healthcare delivery. This study was thus ... Read More
Background: It is estimated that 450 million people worldwide have diabetes mellitus Objectiveof the study was to determineeffect of Metformin on vitamin B12 level among patients with type 2 diabetes ... Read More
Background:Although mandibular condylar fractures are among the most common fractures of maxillofacial region,the ideal method for treatment of these fractures is still a controversy. The objective o ... Read More
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder is a clinicopathological condition, characterized by macrovesicular steatosis in hepatic cells and metabolic stress related disorders without other cause ... Read More
Background:The objective of this study was to collect data of patients coming to us with primary amenorrhea. Finding the different causes of this problem and managing them accordingly with the help m ... Read More
ackground: Preoperative surgical planning assumes a central role in avoiding catastrophic outcomes of a surgery in the field of renal transplantation, and other urological procedures. Thisstu ... Read More
Background: Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, plays regulatory role in more than 300–800 genes. Daily requirement of vitamin D depends upon the age and exposure to sun. Approximat ... Read More
Background: HbA1c is generally conducted to check blood glucose control in diabetic patients. As reported by several recent studies, HbA1c may not be considered as a reliable a ... Read More
Background: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are frequently requested investigations thataid health professionals in precisely diagnosing and following a number of ... Read More
ackground: Ischemic heart disease is responsible for approximately 1/3 of all global deaths, making it a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary synd ... Read More
Background: The objective of the study is to observe frequency of various clinical manifestations of trachoma in rural population. This observational study was conducted at Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching ... Read More
Background: Most of the orthodontic cases require a long period of retention which is usually carried out with the help of fixed retainers (FR). One of the downsides of FR is that these ar ... Read More
Background:In recent years, alexithymia has gained attention of medical researchers as a prognostic factor for serious health problems.The present studyaimed to assess alexithymia as a determi ... Read More
Background:This study was conducted to determine the age, gender and pattern of associated chewing habits among cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presenting with, (OSMFCa) and w ... Read More
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the hospitalized patients. It is also a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and advance renal fai ... Read More
Background: Re-admission following day care surgery in ENT (Ear, Nose & Throat) results in significant morbidity to patient & massive load to hospital & also raises the question on the safety of day c ... Read More
Background: Acute presentation of gall stone disease is a common emergency. Resource limitation often results in unnecessary long waiting times and repeat hospital admissions. The aim of this study wa ... Read More
An urgent care center can be defined as an alternative to the emergency department for traumatic/non-traumatic conditions that do not require life-saving measures. According to Urgent Care ... Read More
Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (GPA) is an uncommon immunologically mediated necrotizing vasculitis affecting the small and medium sized systemic blood vessels. We previously reported our experience ... Read More
Polycythemia Vera is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm usually having ischemic stroke/thrombotic episode as presenting complaint.The patient reported had history of Cerebrovascular a ... Read More
First Chikungunya outbreak occurred in Karachi, Pakistan in 2016. Chikungunya is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito which is also transmits Dengue fever. The first Dengue fever outbreak of P ... Read More
Surgical fixation of radius to ulna has been described in the literature at various instances when deficiencies of either of the bones are encountered. The main concept of one bone forearm relies on a ... Read More
A 39-year-old gentleman presented to emergency department with a few hours’ history of acute shortness of breath, cough and haemoptysis that developed whilst welding a steel tank in a closed con ... Read More
Gastrointestinal duplication cyst is a rare congenital anomaly with a reported incidence of 1 in 4500 live births. Any part of gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus can be affected with this anoma ... Read More
Tuberculosis continues to be a fatal infectious disease in developing countries. Despite the advances in medical sciences and introduction of potent therapeutic regimes tuberculosis has st ... Read More
Metastatic skull deposits from follicular thyroid carcinoma are rare, and let alone this being the primary presenting symptom with no history of thyroid cancer is exceptionally rarer. A 40-year-old fe ... Read More
Salivary gland tumours are relatively uncommon but they present globally regardless of age. Most of these tumours are benign and involve the parotid gland. Though strictly confined to the parotidgland ... Read More
Theterm intersex used in the past has been replaced by “Disorders of Sex Differentiation”. In thiscondition the development of chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical. This prob ... Read More
Neurology still remains one of the most underserved specialties of medicine in Pakistan with roughly one neurologist per million people. Movement disorders (MD) are neurological problems that interfer ... Read More
Background:In addition to depression, acne has considerable negative effects on the quality of life (QOL) which is estimated to be equal to that reported by patients with other ... Read More
Background: Diabetes mellitus has a major role in developing acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).The study was conducted with the aim to determin ... Read More
Background: Conservative management of traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea is associated with a greater risk of developing meningitis in the presence of active CSF leak. Lumbar drains have been rep ... Read More
Background:Vitamin D hasbeen the focus of attention in the recent past owing to its multitude of effects on various organ systems including immune system, endocrine, cardiovascular etc.Diab ... Read More
Background:Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a diverse entity, which range from mild acetabular dysplasia to frank irreducible hip dislocation. Data regarding the safe ... Read More
Background: Endotracheal intubation is one of the basic prerequisites of general anaesthesia. Recovery of patients is delayed due to the development of post-operative nausea, vomiting, sore t ... Read More
Background:This study was conducted to compare the adaptation of resin-based sealants with that of Resin modified glass ionome-based sealants in various tooth fissure morphologies.Methods:I ... Read More
Background:Renal colic is a common problem and significant number of patients presenting to ER, ED are suffering from acute or chronic renal colic. The conventional methods of investigating patients ... Read More
Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common acute surgical emergencies onemergency room floor and timely diagnosis of the condition is of utmost importance. Multiple diagnostic Score ex ... Read More
Background: Oligohydramnios, defined as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of less than the 5th percentile (at term≤5 cm, or at per-term ≤8.0 cm), has an incidence of 8.5–15.5%. It is associate ... Read More
Background:Empathy is of significant importance in the dentist-patient relationship. The objective of the current study was to assess the empathy level of students at the culmination of their ... Read More
Background: Depression is more prevalent in women than in men. Among women’s population sub-groups,there is paucity of research regarding occupational factors associated with depression in Pakistani ... Read More
Background:Efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in adults has been studied well in past. However, such studies are sparse within paediatric age group. As this procedure is being adopted ... Read More
Background:High women deaths due to pregnancy, child birth and postpartum complications were the hallmarks of the end of last century especially in Asia. Strategy adopted to achie ... Read More
Background: Primary repair of ToF between 3–12 months is the preferred mode of treatment worldwide, with low surgical mortality. This study reviews our experience of ToF repair in infancy ... Read More
Background: Pain during painful procedures in neonates has far reaching consequences. In developed countries many non-pharmacological interventions are used for neonatal pain reduction. Brea ... Read More
Background: The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease associated withstigmatization and discrimination worldwide. Even the health care professionals show negative at ... Read More
Background:Objectives of the study were to determine the clinical spectrum of presentation and various modalities helpful in the diagnosis of liver glycogenosis short of genetic analysis.M ... Read More
Background: Cardiac Troponins are established markers of myocardial injury; however, they may be elevated in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients even in absence of acute myocardial infarction. The ob ... Read More
Background: Cardiac Troponins are established markers of myocardial injury; however, they may be elevated in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients even in absence of acute myocardial infarction. The ob ... Read More
Background:Irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials have been a staple in dentistry anduseful for the fabrication of dental prosthesis. Gagging is most commonly experienced during max ... Read More
Background:Anorectal fistula is a common illness which is seen among the middle-aged male patients. Various surgical procedures have been proposed and are associated with the recurrence of the fistul ... Read More
Background:Renalstonediseaseisaverycommonmedicalproblemingeneralpopulation.Aswithinventofnewertherapeuticmodalities,ESWLisalreadylosingitspopularity.Butwebelieveitasaneffectivewayoftreatingrenal stone ... Read More
Background:Behavioral associated disturbance involves excitotoxic quinolinate in alcohol withdrawal syndrome in man due to increase availability of tryptophan. In present study we in ... Read More
Background:Facial nerve is usually sacrificed in total parotidectomy. The objective of this study is to present results of immediate reconstruction of facial nerve in total parotidectomy cases where ... Read More
Background:Acne effects 80–90% of teenage population all aroundthe world.Resulting scars can lead tofacial disfigurement and psychological issues in affected population.To counter th ... Read More
Background:Urinaryincontinence is anuncommon problem in males but has major impact on daily living. This study aimed to highlight the outcome of surgical treatment in terms of safety, efficacy and cos ... Read More
Background:Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to current therapeutic strategies, a lot of work is being done on nutraceutical managemen ... Read More
Background:The long-disputed issue of rehabilitation of extensor tendon repairs in zones V–VII has been treated with either complete immobilization or mobilization within the constraints o ... Read More
Background:Radical nephrectomy (RN) is a standard treatment of cure for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (NMRCC). Long-term outcome data are limited for Pakistani population. Our aim was to asses ... Read More
Background:C1qnephropathy (C1qN)is a rare glomerulopathy,with a very low prevalenceworld widevarying from 0.2 to 2.5%. Even thoughmore than three decades have passed since this entity was first ... Read More
Background:Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) catalyze the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics including carbapenems. A novel MBL subtype,New Delhi MBL (NDM), poses a serious public health problem ... Read More
Different diagnostic and treatment algorithms for prosthetic infections of the hip and knee are available and widely used in North America. However, for the best of our knowledge, the sa ... Read More
We have meticulously read the article titled "Outcome of dynamic compression plate with dorsal radial sliding graft technique for wrist arthrodesis in brachial plexus injury patients". We would like t ... Read More
I read with interest, the article in Journal of Ayub Medical College titled ‘Diagnostic accuracy of US-FNAC of axillary lymph nodes in patients with primary breast cancer using ... Read More
Patientsafetyandimprovedhealthcareisamajorconcernforhealthcareproviders,medicalprofessionalsandacademicinstitutions.Aftertheresearchidentifiedthatmanypatientsdiebecauseofhumanerror,medicalsimulationha ... Read More
Chronic Mesenteric ischemia is anepisodic hypoperfusion of small intestine due to atherosclerotic narrowing of mesenteric vessels. Typically,patients reportpostprandial epigastric pain. The ... Read More
Axillary artery injury along with proximal humerus fracture as a result of blunt trauma is a rare incidence. We present a 65-year-old male with a pulseless cold hand, who had blunt trauma 3 days ago, ... Read More
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm with rare postpartum presentation. Its manifestation after full term delivery is very rare with paucity of data reported from Pakistan ... Read More
Polycythaemia Vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disorder in which bone marrow has increased production of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The hallmarks of the disease are ... Read More
Polycythaemia Vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disorder in which bone marrow has increased production of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The hallmarks of the disease are ... Read More
Hemosuccus pancreaticus (HP) defined as bleeding into the pancreatic duct was first described in 1931 by Lower and Farell. HP also popularly known as wirsungorrhaghia and pseudohemobilia ... Read More
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is anuncommon disorder characterized by hypokalaemia, thyrotoxicosis and paralysis, most commonly seen in South Asian males. Aim of our case series is to highligh ... Read More
ackground:Reporting critical values continues to receive a widespread attention fromhealthcare givers as it symbolizes a crucial clinic-laboratory link. This is because healthcare providers did ... Read More
Background: Estimating vitamin, mineral intakes related to anaemia and describing perception regard pregnancy diet, accessibility to foodstuff among first ANC visitor of anaemic pr ... Read More
Background: The frequency of recurrent fetal loss (RFL) is around 1% of the total pregnancy. Workup is recommended in patients after three consecutive fetal losses. A multitude of chromoso ... Read More
Background:The use of constrained Total Hip Replacements (THR) is controversial due to lack of definite indications and potentially high failure rates because of mechanical loosening or co ... Read More
Background:The present study attempts to investigate the impact of service quality dimensions (perceptions of patients as well as service providers) on patient satisfaction in public sec ... Read More
Background: An important goal forthe Emergency Department operations is planning for changes in patient volume and assuring staffing accordingly.We hypothesized that understanding the Emergen ... Read More
Background: Loss of motor neurons may underlie some of the deficits in cognitive functions associated with maternal hypothyroidism during fetal and neonatal period. This experiment was performed to ... Read More
Background:This study was conductedassess the frequency of suicide attempt among the transgender population andanalyse the relationship of depression and other socio-demographic factor ... Read More
Background:Choledocholithiasis denotes to the presence of gallstones within the common bile duct.Inpatients with Gall stones, the precise incidence and prevalence of choledocholithiasis are not known, ... Read More
Background: Otitis Externais a common inflammatory condition of external ear. It is more common in patients having predisposing conditions like trauma, swimming, patients using hearing aids ... Read More
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a growing disease with high morbidity and mortality. Haemodialysis remains the most common option available for all those not planning for ... Read More
Background:Papinocolaou smear (PAP) smear has a specificity of 98% in detecting early changes in cervical epithelium in women above 21 years, thus its avocation as a screening tool for cerv ... Read More
REFERENCES1.Baenninger A.Good chemistry: The life and legacy of valium inventor Leo Sternbach. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2004.2.Washton AM, Zweben JE. Treating Alcohol and ... Read More
Background:Internet gaming, though getting popular, is becoming a risk to physical and psychological health, especially in adolescents, as it contributes to sedentary lifestyle. To gauge th ... Read More
Background:Paraphenylene-diamine (PPD)poisoningis an emerging problem of developing African and South Asian countries. This study was done with the objective to determine the clinic ... Read More
Background: Proposal writing before starting research study is the key component of the any research project and quality of the research depends upon how the proposal was designed and planned. Object ... Read More
Background: Spontaneous preterm labour refers to the onset of uterine contractions of sufficient strength and frequency to effect progressive dilatation between 24 and 37 weeks of gestation. The objec ... Read More
Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five in Pakistan. Gauging the knowledge and practices ... Read More
Background: The approval of direct acting anti-viral drugs has expanded the treatment access to all patient populations including elderly patients, who were previously neglected. We evaluated ... Read More
Background: Vanadyl sulphate is available as herbal medicine against diabetes mellitus and body building supplement, over the counter worldwide. The available data on its safety is controversial and ... Read More
Background:This study was conducted to determine the immediate and midterm outcome of balloon aortic valvuloplasty in children from age 1 month to 16 years, with special reference to mean b ... Read More
Background:Smoking causes direct and indirect health problems among people. The purpose of this paper is to explore factors influencing intention to cessation smoking among Thai people who ... Read More
Background: Chylothoraxisanuncommon(3–8%risk)butpotentiallyfatalcomplicationofesophagectomywithpoorlyunderstoodriskfactors.Ithasahighmorbidityduetolossoffluids,electrolytes,andothernutrients,lossoflym ... Read More
Background: Data on the potential effects of maternal exposure to melamine is scarce. We aimedto evaluate the impact of melamine administration on pregnancy outcome and foetal growth in rats. Methods ... Read More
Background:The impaction of maxillary third molars causes the crowns of maxillary first and second molars to tip distally in patients with maxillary posterior segment discrepancy.The aim o ... Read More
Background: The aim of study is to evaluate and compare the effects of broiler chicken fed with commercially available feed and chicken fed with organic diet on serum testosterone and Lute ... Read More
ackground: Protection of parathyroid is very important in thyroid surgery.Our aim was to compare the effect of Focus Harmonic Scalpel and Conventional Haemostasis on parathyroid ... Read More
In obstetric brachial plexus, injuries are characterized by contractures, weakness and an association with different bone deformities, such as hooking of the coracoid and/or acrom ... Read More
Takayasu arteritis is a rare disease of medium size and large vessels causing granulomatous inflammation of the involved territory. The most usual area involved is the arch of the aorta and its major ... Read More
Co-amoxiclav is used as a routine prophylactic antibiotic in surgical procedures. We present a case of 61 years old lady came to outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of right sided lower ... Read More
We report a case of urethrovaginal fistula following impacted foreign body in vagina. Fistula was suspected on the basis of history and examination and was later on confirmed by voiding cys ... Read More
Background:Most of the admissions to the coronary care unit are patients who are having Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Inflammation has an important role in the pathoge ... Read More
Background: There has been an immense increase in the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidneydisease (CKD) in the last few years globally. Developing countries are more prone to suffer ... Read More
Background: Herpes Zoster is a common dermatological ailment. Various treatment modalities are in use for prevention of Post Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) which is the most common complicatio ... Read More
Background: Placenta accreta is a serious obstetrical complication and is currently a very important indication for peripartum hysterectomy. The purpose of this study is to review t ... Read More
Background:Aggressive fibromatosis or desmoid fibromatosis is a soft tissue neoplasm which is non-metastatic in nature. Among all soft tissue tumours, it comprises of 3% cases and is mor ... Read More
Background: The supra-condylar humeral fractures are commonest fractures at the elbow in children and represent a third of all limb fractures in children under the age of 7 years. These ... Read More
Background:Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most frequently diagnosed cardiomyopathy in Pakistan and patients have significant muscles dysfunction which affects their quality of life ... Read More
Background: The hospital acquired infections arevery common in any health care setting due to certain bacteria, viruses and fungi. In order to find out a solution to this problem, this preliminary stu ... Read More
Background:Ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy is an outdoor, office basedandminimally invasive procedure for the treatment of varicose veins.This study was carried outto highlight the pot ... Read More