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Ecological criticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the environment. This field of study was established in the United States in the 1960s. It was initially titled environment ... Read More
A pertinent question in the critique of prose style is whether a writer has one style or more. This paper attempts to address this concern in the context of Urdu prose. The central idea is that a writ ... Read More
Franz Kafka's ideological universe is imperceptible, symbolic and complicated. This article points out various contradictory connotations in Kafka's work. Milan Kundera, Borges and Camus have often at ... Read More
This article overviews the influence of the Anjuman-e Punjab, a colonial institution created to bring about social welfare, better education, as well as business etc. in 1865. The author explores thi ... Read More
Urdu literature has a pronounced and rich creative practice in its history. From Mir to Meeraji, one experiences a variety of poetic processes, not just in poetry, but in prose as well. In this articl ... Read More
Sounds are of two types: vowels and consonants. Although the Urdu language inherited sounds and writing symbols from Arabic and Persian, Urdu phonetics is different from that of Persian and Arabic. Th ... Read More
Lexicography is the scientific practice of writing and compiling dictionaries. It is widely considered an independent scholarly discipline, though it is a subfield within linguistics. It is divided in ... Read More
Modern knowledge and science is believed to have rejected most traditional beliefs and concepts. Darwin, through his theory of evolution, presented man as an evolved version of the monkey. Freud turne ... Read More
Nasir Abbas Nayyar is not only a famous critic of Urdu language and literature but also an eminent story writer. In his short stories, topic and language-related experimentation can be observed. He do ... Read More
Artistic personalities, by their creative works, express their concept of beauty, though it is not necessary for it to comply with the philosophical dialects of aesthetics. But even then, their percep ... Read More
Renowned short story writer, novel writer, Urdu critic and theorist Shamsur Rahman Faruqi has many achievements to his credit. Over the past seventy to seventy-five years, he has composed countless li ... Read More
Meeraji (born Sanaullah Sani Dar Meeraji) is one of the most creditable names of modern Urdu poetry, known for works such as Meeraji kē Gīt and Tīn Rang. As is true for all poets, it is integral to de ... Read More
Afghanistan is historically known for its eminent Persian poets. While the oldest known Persian poetess belonged to this land, it did not provide a very conducive environment for poetry by women. It w ... Read More
East Pakistan—now Bangladesh—was a great base for the Urdu film industry of united Pakistan. From 1959 to 1971, East Pakistan passed what is termed as the ‘golden era’ of Pakistani cinema. 64 films we ... Read More
Pakistan-based sociologist of religion and a philosopher of science, Basit Bilal Koshul argues that Muhammad Iqbal’s Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam can be reread as a reconstruction of s ... Read More
Enver Sajjad is well-known in the Urdu world as a short story writer, novelist and a playwright. He served as the first chairman of the Alhambra Arts Council (1973-1975) and recieved the Pride of Perf ... Read More
The eighteenth-century English Oriental tale has in recent scholarship been read as both productive and dissident. But the legacies of this literary genre in the Indian colony and its role in the form ... Read More