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With historical roots in cities all over the world, public open spaces have been considered as a powerful component of urban fabric and means of transforming communities. Square, which is one of the ... Read More

All the materials used in the construction of historical buildings undergo deterioration when exposed to aggressive environments. The rate and symptoms of such a process is influenced by a number of ... Read More

A method of mixture proportioning of fly ash concretes is presented. The method is based on the strength and flow data of a minimum of nine fly ash-cement mortars. The essence of the method is that ... Read More

Need is always felt of some rational experimental information on fuel spray jet formation, its development and dispersion in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The latest study ... Read More

Polycrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) films were successfully deposited on calcite (CaCO3) by pulsed laser deposition PLD at room temperature. Zinc metal target (4N purity, analytical grade) was used for ... Read More

Plasma is a rich source of electromagnetic radiations like Infra Red (IR), Visible, Ultra Violet (UV) & X-rays. Emission of visible; green and violet and IR radiation are investigated from the Silver ... Read More

The influence of coating thickness on the formability and ductility of hot-dip-aluminized steel has been determined using a 3-point bend test and optical metallography. The ductility / formability w ... Read More

Composite behavior of reinforced concrete requires adequate bond between concrete and steel reinforcement that can transfer stresses between them. The bond strength is influenced by cover to the rei ... Read More

The greatest humanitarian challenge faced even today after one year of Kashmir Hazara earthquake is that of providing shelter. Currently on the globe one in seven people live in a slum or refugee ca ... Read More

In order to cater for its high energy demand, Pakistan is planning to import natural gas through pipelines from neighboring countries. For fully utilizing the imported gas, providing it to end custo ... Read More

Many languages provide support for describing composite and other user-defined types which in turn depend upon built-in types. A built-in or primitive type is typically composed of a data structure, ... Read More