Abstract
Urbanization-growth-environment nexus has been on the
forefront of discussion among researchers for the couple of
decades. The increased economic activity and urbanization
lead to resource depletion, environmental degradation and
have serious consequences for sustainable development in
developing economies like Pakistan. The present study
endeavors to analyze the impact of urbanization on
environmental quality in Pakistan by using inverted U-shape
and N-shape environmental curves. Applying johansenJusilius technique, the study confirms existence of
environmental Kuznets curve in Pakistan. The GDP growth
shows positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions in
Pakistan. The coefficient of FDI confirms pollution heaven
hypothesis which invokes stringent environmental policy
implications by government to ensure sustainable growth and
environment. Similarly trade openness captures technique
effect hypothesis which suggest that with increased growth
the production processes become environmental friendly as
awareness among the people sets in.
Dr. Fareed Shareef, Dr. Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh, Muhammad Jahangir. (2017) Urbanization and Environmental Kuznets Curve in Pakistan: A Cointegration Analysis, Paradigms , Vol 11, Issue 2 .
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