Abstract
Objective: To review across the globe resistant
trends of commonly isolated Gram positive and
Gram negative microorganisms against four end
resort antibiotics e.g. Vancomycin, Linezolid,
Carbapenems, and Colistin.
Methodology: Web based Medical literature
search was done using keywords. Extensive
search was done to retrieve surveillance studies
data from PubMed/Medline, WHO databases,
Health Surveys, google scholar and grey literature
until December 2018.
Results: Resistance pattern to end resort
antibiotics is increasing worldwide and is
regionally variable. There had been a rapid
increase in carbapenem resistance in gram
negative organisms across the globe in many
countries, with very high rates of >25% in some.
Colistin resistance in gram negative bacteria is so
far less than 10% worldwide. There is an
increasing incidence (approx.7% worldwide) of
Va n c o m y c i n i n t e r m e d i a t e r e s i s t a n t i n
Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA), which
may lead to therapeutic failure with Vancomycin.
Fully resistant Staphylococci aureus (VRSA)
remains low with sporadic reports. Similarly
Linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
and Enterococci is also generally low<1% with
sporadic reports only.
Conclusions: Since empiric therapies in
hospitals are based on data regarding resistance
pattern, there is a crucial need to determine
current resistant rates at a global scale. (Rawal
Med J 202;45:737-745).
