Abstract
The consequences of vitamins and minerals deficient diet has presented considerable health issues that is extensively prevalent in developing countries including Pakistan. Consumer’s dependence on plant based foods and lower availability of meat appears to be the considerable reason to increase the prevalence of nutritional scarcity. However, infants and child bearing women are the most susceptible individuals victimized due to malnutrition. Mainly the micronutrients which are deficient in malnutrition include iron, iodine and vitamin A which leads to anemia, goiter and many other disorders. Health and wellbeing of people can be improved by decreasing the micronutrient deficiencies. Among various strategies to combat these deficiencies, food fortification in recent era looks to be most favorable way to handle the situation of malnutrition without altering the existing dietary habits. Food fortification efficiently enhances nutrient bioavailability by imparting positive effects on consumer’s health with a significant economical impact. The effectiveness of fortification either bio-fortification or food fortification programs is determined by effective implementation, monitoring, quality control, compliance and correction of identified issues in addition to efficacy of the fortified food. Accordingly, in this paper, the current situation of micronutrient deficiencies has been reviewed along with status of wheat flour fortification to facilitate further research activities.

Muhammad Usman Zafar, Qing Ping, Asmat Matloob, Tahir Zahoor. (2018) ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC BURDEN AND COST BENEFIT OF FOOD FORTIFICATION IN RELATION TO MALNUTRITION IN PAKISTAN, , Volume 55, Issue 3.
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