Abstract
Water and labour scarcity pushes researchers to explore alternate sowing methods for rice like aerobic direct seeding but
weed infestation is the major hindrance to adapt this production system. In our study, mechanical, chemical and cultural
approaches were employed as weed control measures. Weed dynamics and yield parameters were recorded and economic
analysis was performed. All weed control measures significantly reduced the weed density and weed dry weight as compared
to control and improved harvest index. Maximum control in total weed density and total weed dry weight was achieved by
hoeing followed by chemical control. The order of treatment groups in decreasing total density, total weed dry matter
production and increment in harvest index was as cultural, chemical and mechanical. However, substantially highest net
returns (PKR 44,049/) and highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) (1.53) were obtained by post emergence application of
Penuxsulam at the rate of 15 g a.i ha
-1 followed by hoeing. Inter-culture, mulching technique and Sesbania drummondi
intercropping scored 1.19, 1.13 and 1.21 BCR, respectively. Thus, hoeing with hoe (25 and 45 days after sowing) and post
emergence application of Penoxsulamat the rate of 15 g a.i ha
-1 were most effective, profitable and economical weed control
options.
