Abstract
The three wave longitudinal study was carried out across 15
months to clarify if perceived quality of life (QoL) and depression
levels are distinct constructs to measure or if depression is an
aspect of overall QoL. The sample comprised of renal transplant
recipients on regular follow-up in renal units of Lahore, Pakistan.
The mean age of recipients was 33.33 years (age ranging from 18
to 54 years). These recipients had a post-transplant time ranging
from 6 months to 10 years (M = 2.8, SD = 1.5) and with normal
graft functioning. QoL was assessed using Quality of Life Index-
Kidney Transplant Version (Ferrans & Powers, 1985) and
depression was measured by Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck,
Steer, & Brown, 1996). The findings revealed a significant
negative correlation between depression and perceived QoL,
suggesting that recipients with increased depression levels reported
less satisfaction with their QoL and vice versa. A linear regression
showed that both depression and QoL significantly predicted each
other. Further, a cross-lagged correlation analysis to clarify the
causal direction of this relationship showed no clear causal
direction indicative of an overlap among these constructs, hence,
suggesting a lack of distinctiveness as separate constructs. The
findings raised a question if depression and QoL are distinct
constructs or depression may be considered as an aspect of overall
QoL. A lack of causal direction implicates that both depression
and perceptions of QoL are subjective constructs which need to be
examined for their impact and clarified directional relationships.
Fatima Kamran, Chris Fife-Schaw. (2014) Causal Relationships Among Depression and Quality of Life: A Cross-Lagged Analysis, Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, Volume-29, Issue-2.
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