Abstract
The major endeavor of this research paper is to assessing the impact of Social and
Demographic Factors on Female Entrepreneurial Intention in Pakistan because women
constitute 50% of the population of Pakistan. Data for research paper was acquired from the
database of GEM 2012 APS Global Individual Level. The female entrepreneurial intention
was a dependent variable while demographic perceptions, Socio-cultural perceptions,
Individual perceptions, and Perceptions of economic opportunities were independent
variables. Four logistic regressions were employed to test ten hypotheses. Model 01 revels
that the role model and self-efficacy have a significant and positive effect on EIs while,
surprisingly, fear of failure was also found significant predictor of female entrepreneurship in
Pakistan. The results of Role model, Self-efficacy and Perception of Economic Opportunities
are positive and significant predictors of EIs among females. From Socio-Cultural
Perceptions, Career Choice and News in Media have a negative and insignificant relation
with EIs while, status and Respect perception has been found strong predictors of EIs among
Pakistani females. Model 4 includes demographic variables of age, occupation and education.
All perceptions (age, education and occupation) have negative impact on female EIs. In order
to promote female EIs, the Government of Pakistan has to play an instrumental role in
promoting entrepreneurial environment in country. In this connection, female-specific
training programs, business support centers, promoting successful female entrepreneurs
through print and electronic media are some common areas where GoP can work, and finally,
making a conducive environment when females can run their business indecently.
Raheem Bux Soomro, Sanam Gul Memeon, Irfan Ali Mirani. (2018) Assessing the Impact of Social and Demographic Factors on Female Entrepreneurial Intention in Pakistan: GEM Data Evidence, Journal of Independent Studies and Research-Management, Social Sciences and Economics, Volume-16, Issue-1.
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