This article postulates that the Mughal emperors established viable diplomatic
relations not only with neighboring regions but also with many European powers.
Theses relations were multi-faceted and ranged from military and economic to
cultural and familial. The rubric of Mughal diplomacy largely rested on realism. This
paper argues that diplomacy helped emperor Humayun to reclaim his power in
India, and it was one of the prime reasons for the decline of Mughal rule and the
ultimate downfall of the empire .
