Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), is a synovial joint, involves two bones particularly mandible and temporal
bone. Since TMJ involve muscles of mastication and jaw movement therefore, its disorders damages
surrounding tissues and minimizes its function. The etiology of TMJ disorders is complex and multifactorial
including genetic, traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative and idiopathic disorders as well as behavioral
factors (parafunctional habits). Generally females are more affected because of increased level of
estrogen hormone affecting bone and cartilage; moreover, emotional factors (anxiety, stress and
depression) are also higher in females compared to males. Genetic disorders of TMJ include many genes,
which contribute in bone formation and inflammation mediation.
This article is focused on etiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and involvement of certain genes
and other predisposing factors leading to pathophysiology of its development. Information regarding TMJ
disorders was retrieved through PubMed, Medline and other authentic search engines available in the
University, information was collected through reviews, research, and epidemiological studies published up
to 2016.
This review article concludes urgent management is sought in 1-2% young children, 5% teenagers and 5-12%
adults. In order to avoid any iatrogenic injury it is mandatory to do prior extensive and detailed physical
examination of TMJ.
Farah Azhar, Aliya Sani, Saeeda Baig. (2019) Multiple Etiologies Of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders – A Review , The Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry, Volume 8, Issue-3.
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