Abstract
The present study aimed to compare adolescents with lower depressive
symptoms and more depressive symptoms on self-criticism, hope, and
attribution style. The sample consisted of 290 students (145 boys and 145
girls). Their ages ranged from 11 years to 23 years. The data was collected
from both public and private educational institutes of Islamabad and
Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The present research instruments included: The
Forms of Self-Criticizing/Self-reassuring Scale (FSCRS; Gilbert, Clarke,
Hempel, Miles, & Irons, 2004), The Measure of Attributional Style (Kwon
& Whisman, 1992), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans,
Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale
(DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Results indicated that reported
levels of depression related to study variables, differently; the sample was
assigned to groups based on the reported levels of depression. According
to the findings, self-criticism and internality showed a non-significant
relationship in adolescents with more depressive symptoms while hope and
generality revealed a significant association in individuals with low
depressive symptoms. Gender showed non-significant differences in selfcriticism. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed the predictive role of
inadequate-self, hated-self, and hope in lower depressive symptoms.
However, hated-self significantly predicted more depressive symptoms.
The present study contributes to understanding risk factors associated with
depressive symptoms. Furthermore, professionals, teachers, and parents
working with adolescents may also benefit from the findings of the
research.
Naveeda, Raiha Aftab. (2021) Self-Criticism, Hope, and Attribution Style in Adolescents: A Comparison of Levels of Depression, Journal of Behavioural Sciences, Volume-31, Issue-2.
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