Abstract
Before we study the beginning and evolution of elm-ulkalaam and the study of an important group of Islamic thought in the
second century of hijri, Mo’tazilla, whose ideas and thoughts
resonated in the coming centuries, it seems important to analyze the
causes and reasons that initiated discussions on kalaam in Islamic
society. Factors, motives or challenges in an Islamic society, whose
response came to be a gradual evolution of elm-ul-kalaam, come
from two ways, internal and external. The internal challenge, in fact,
was revealed when Hazrat Amir Mu'awiyah (RA) asked for the qisas
of Hazrat Uthman (RA), which resulted in the battle of siff in between
Hazrat Ali (RA) and Hazrat Amir Mu'awiyah (RA). The problem
emerged intensively, when a new violent group born in the form of
Khawarij, as a result of the war of siffin. This was group of the rural
Arabs who fought from the side of Hazrat Ali (RA) in the battle, but
later on, upon the issue of arbitration, became rebellious against
Hazrat Ali (RA), and HazratAli (RA) and Hazrat Amir Mu'awiyah
(RA), both of them, were declared infidels and sinners, hence
expelled from Islam.
Muhammad Afzal. (2021) Motazilla and Elm-ul-kalaam A Research Overiew, Epistemology: Journal of Islamic Studies, Volume-08, Issue-1.
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