Abstract
Exposure to snuff and smoke has impact on the oral flora of the human beings. The aim of the present study was to identify the human micro flora of oral cavity of snuff/cigarette users’ and non-users. A total of 70 samples were collected from lateral sites of mouth from male students of University of Swabi. Bacterial isolates were identified by culturing on a blood agar medium, mannitol salt agar and subject to required biochemical tests. After the identification their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was studied. Among total of 70 samples 56 were positive for different bacterial growth, the predominant isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (41%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (55.3%) whereas Streptococcus pneumonia (3%) was isolated from snuff users only. Overall Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified among the 60% of snuff users and 28.9% of cigarette users and 11.11% non user. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern results showed that The antibiotic susceptibility pattern results showed that the Staphylococcus aureus was found highly resistant to penicillin 23 (100%) and fully susceptible to Linzolid 23(100%). Similarly Staphylococcus epidermidis was found highly resistant toward penicillin 28(90.3%) and fully susceptible to two antibiotics i.e. Ciprofloxacin and Linzolid 31(100%). Streptococcus pneumonia was found highly resistant toward Ciprofloxacin and penicillin 2(100%) and fully susceptible to Amoxicillin, Amikacin, Fosfomycin, Levofloxacin and Linzolid. The result of present study revealed that the bacteria are involved with substantial risks of oral diseases.

Johar Jami, Rounaq Saba, Kalsoom, Saira, Faheem Ahmad. (2020) ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIAL FLORA ISOLATED FROM ORAL CAVITY OF SNUFF/ CIGARETTE USERS AND NON - USERS, , Volume 17, Issue 1.
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