Abstract
Down Syndrome (Ds) is one of the most common syndromes among children. This phenomenon has been reported in one child out of 800 children. Children with Ds Suffer from intestine aberration (malformation), respiratory problems, overweight, more prone to infection and they are more likely to get leukemia. Children with Ds are predisposed to developing acute leukemia. The most common leukemia associated with Ds is acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), and the incidence is approximately 500-fold higher than in healthy children (Kim et al., 2008). Ds has been recognized as one of the most important leukemia-predisposing syndromes. Patient with Ds and leukemia have unique clinical features but significant differences in treatment response and toxicity profiles compared to patients without Ds (Xavier and Taub, 2010). In trisomy 21, acquired somatic mutation leads to the production of a shorter GATA1 isoform, term GATA1s, associated with TMD and AMKL (Ciovacco et al., 2008). Trisomy 21 may contribute to the development of GATA1 mutations in Ds (Xavier and Taub, 2010).
