Abstract
Background: The pattern of Pediatric kidney disease varies from congenital anomalies of kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) such as obstructive uropathies to acquired glomerulonephritides, urinary stone disease and urinary tract infections (UTI). Objectives: To determine the pattern of renal diseases in children in our set up. Methods: The children aged 1 month to 18 years with renal problems presented at Pediatric Nephrology, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from March 2010 to March 2011 were included. Results: Among 602 patients, 393 were male and 207 female. Mean age+SD was 7.2+4.21 years. Common presentations were edema (56%), anemia (38%), dysuria (37%), fever (36%) and burning micturition (34%). Nephrotic syndrome (NS 49%), chronic kidney disease (CKD 29%) and urinary stone disease (4%) were the most common diseases. Other diseases were congenital obstructive uropathy (3.5%), acute kidney injury (AKI 3%), acute glomerulonephritis (AGN 2%), hypoplasticdysplastic kidneys (2%), UTI, neurogenic bladder and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). In 321 cases with GN, 290 had NS, 13 acute GN, 8 secondary GN and 3 had congenital NS. Among NS, 268 (90.52%) were presumed minimal change disease (MCD) whereas 30 had steroid resistance, 14 had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 6 membranoproliferative GN, 5 MCD; 2 each had membranous GN and IgM nephropathy. In 173 CKD patients, renal hypoplasia-dysplasia (39.3%), urinary stones (25.6%) and posterior urethral valves (PUV19%) were the most common causes. Other causes were juvenile nephronophthiasis (10.4%), VUR (8.6%), neurogenic bladder (7.5%) and cystic renal disease (5.2%). Of 186 with CAKUT, renal hypoplasia–dysplasia was found in 43 %, PUV in 29% and VUR in 12.9%. Conclusion: The current spectrum of renal diseases showed that most common renal diseases are PNS, CKD and urinary stones.

Khemchand N Moorani . (2013) Pattern of Kidney Diseases in Children , , Volume 37, Issue 1.
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