Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe Orientation and Mobility (O&M) with effective parental
involvement within the Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) for visually impaired learners (VILs) to
make them independent in their environment in Pakistan. O&M practices have become significant
as these are essential in independence and one of the main components of the ECC for VILs. This
research explores O&M practices within the ECC from the perspectives of the teachers by using a
qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews of O&M teachers were conducted from two
public secondary level institutes of VILs Lahore, Pakistan. This paper endeavors to answer the
question: What are the O&M practices within ECC that needed for VILs to enhance their
independence in classroom settings? The findings of the study indicate that VILs need to use the
knowledge of O&M practices to get their independence in their environment. Therefore, it is
appropriate for O&M teachers to add the skills of mobility techniques under the subsection of
O&M practices within the guidelines of ECC. The VILs seemed to benefit from immediate
instructions from their O&M teachers. However, the VILs still need more help in O&M practices
with effective parental involvement under the guidance of ECC. So, in the context of the study, it
is the urgent need of VIL to align their O&M practices with mentioned instructions in ECC.
Shazia Malik, Umi Kalthom Abdul Manaf. (2020) Orientation and Mobility Practices within the Expanded Core Curriculum with Effective Parental Involvement of Visually Impaired Learners in Pakistan, Bulletin of Education & Research, Volume 42, Issue 1.
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