A number of frameworks can be used to analyze ethical and moral issues objectively whether the act of an individual is ethically good and bad. Health care providers are ethically concerned with client ... Read More
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmariia, transmitted by female phlebotomine sandfly. The disease spectrum ranges from limited cutaneous plaques to disseminated nodules ... Read More
A 37-year-old gentleman presented to the emergency with a history of high-grade fever for 2 days and abdominal pain for one day. On arrival at the emergency department, he was hypotensive and tachycar ... Read More
Background: The causative agent of the present COVID-19 pandemic is a novel RNA virus called SARS CoV-2. Clinical laboratory has a central role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting the progress ... Read More
Background: COVID-19 has severely affected some countries with a high mortality rate than others. In Pakistan, its mortality rate is lower (2.06%) than neighboring countries and even economically adva ... Read More
Objective: Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms of arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate fatigue severity in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis, and its correlation with pain, ... Read More
Background: Pain in knee joint is prime cause of disability particularly among postmenopausal women. Ultrasound is a non-invasive and safe imaging modality for the evaluation of knee joint pathologies ... Read More
Background: To compare the Helicobacter pylori eradication rate with and without use of Probiotic in conjunction with standard triple regimen. Methods: The patients with symptomatology of Gastritis a ... Read More
Objective: Comparison of Placental Elasticity and different spectral Doppler indices in normal and intrauterine growth restricted fetuses to establish efficacy of shear wave elastography in early dete ... Read More
Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) in the patients presenting to a teaching hospital in Pakistan, and to find the most common factors associated with high fr ... Read More
Background: Diabetic Nephropathy @N) is a renal disease that leads to progressive renal failure across the world and it is among the most challenging of all renal diseases. The categorization of DN is ... Read More
Background: Internet gaming disorder is significantly highlighted to have become a serious public health prob- lem in the world. Objective: It was aimed to determine the prevalence of "Internet Gamin ... Read More
Objective: To determine the effect of missed haemodialysis sessions. Methods: This cohort study was carried out from July to October 20t 9. Patients on maintenance haemodialysis were selected by cons ... Read More
Background: To determine the safety profile of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine and identify breakthrough inf- ections. Method: The study design was analytical cross sectional. An online questionnaire was ... Read More
Introduction: Birth asph ia is a disturbance to the fetus or newborn due to failure to breath or breathing poorly, leads to decrease oxygen perfusion to various organs. Many neonatal deaths occurred ... Read More
Background: Stroke having two major types, is a clinical presentation which presents loss of brain function; risk factors & complications may vary and which ultimately can lead to death. Objective: T ... Read More
Objective: To assess the cosmetic outcomes of fornix deepening by using Amniotic membrane transplant in anophthalmic sockets in terms of good retention of ocular prosthesis. Methods: This interventio ... Read More
Objective: To determine the spectrum and outcome of intra-abdominal tumors in children less than five years admitted in the critical care unit of a tertiary care center of Pakistan. Methodology: Thi ... Read More
n unprecedented global public health and economic disaster have emerged from the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 causal agent. The World Health Organization WHO) has labeled the outbreak a pande ... Read More
nterprofessional Collaborative Practice (ICP) has evolved as a key intervention for efficient and effe- ctive promotion of health’apart from treating patients, particularly those suffering fr ... Read More
Abstract Objective: To determine the association between serum CA-125 levels and degree of fibrosis in chronic liver disease with portal hypertension. Methodology: This study was conducted at Mayo ... Read More
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has created numerous psycho-social issues throughout the world. Aim: The current study is aimed at identifying and validating the psychosocial reactions of university st ... Read More
The outbreak of COVID-19 was identified as a causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome 1. The first case origin that was highlighted in Hubei province of China in December 2019. Nowadays, t ... Read More
This research provides a detailed review and analysis of the data and research available online regarding the emotional and psychological impacts of COVID-19 on people of different age groups. The pur ... Read More
COVID-19 has left a significant impact on clinical research. With previously ongoing research coming to a halt, researchers directed their attention to COVID-19 related research. The quality of resear ... Read More
he first outbreak of COVID-19 was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and it was declared as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. To cope with the high infectivity and increasing number of death ... Read More
A Novel Corona virus, SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 disease has become a global public health problem with varied presentations. The common clinical presentations include pneumonia, myocarditis, gastroe ... Read More
Coronavirus disease of 2019 is the public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). COVID-19 leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in some patients. The manag ... Read More
A heterogeneous group of disorders namely Clouston’s syndromes characterized by a primary defect in teeth, hair, nail and sweat glands with an estimated frequency of about seven per 10,000 births. Hid ... Read More
Background: After declaration of the Covid-19 as pandemic by WHO, like every country of the world Pakistan also took exceptional precautionary measure to control the spread and transmission of this vi ... Read More
Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the radiological findings on radiograph chest in patients with 2019 Novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19). Methods: This is a retrospective study w ... Read More
Background: Studies focusing on the examination of the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) infection is very important especially in developing countri ... Read More
Objectives: The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Resilience scale for HIV positive adults in Pakistan. The psychometric properties of the scale were also established. Methods: Cross-sec ... Read More
Objectives: To observe change in traumatic brain injury (TBI) presentation after enforcement of a motorcycle helmet law and to explore perspectives of stakeholders on road safety measures. Methods: A ... Read More
Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of joints, with associated joints pain, swellings, damage and disability. Adherence to these prescri ... Read More
Objective: Uterine prolapse is very common gynaecological problem in Pakistan. The uterovaginal prolapse is commonly seen in post menopausal females but in Indo-Pakistan, the prolapse can occur in you ... Read More
Background: Subcutaneous emphysema (SE) is a clinical manifestation of underlying pathology. Identification and addressing those etiologies are therefore important for prevention and management. Objec ... Read More
Background: Acute total occlusion of left anterior descending artery causes acute anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) which could lead to left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Interventio ... Read More
Objective: To determine the frequency of underweight and socio-demographic factors associated with it among school going children. Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling technique w ... Read More
Background: Pancytopenia refers to the reduction in all the three cell lines of blood; white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. Its etiology varies with geographical location, genetic predisp ... Read More
Objective The objective of the current study was to assess outcome of hang back sutures in horizontal strabismus with the reference to specific type of surgery known as postoperative alignment. Study ... Read More
To highlight the cultural-specific experience and expression of psychosocial issues of infertility in females in a collectivistic culture and use them to develop an assessment measure. Methods: The mi ... Read More
Objective: To determine the distribution of risk factors and pattern of coronary artery disease among young Pakistanis presenting with acute coronary artery syndrome. A cross sectional study conducted ... Read More
Background: Osteoarticular infections in adults and children are a significant cause of elevated morbidity and may lead to restrictive mobility of various stages. Objective: Isolation and determinatio ... Read More
A negative self-perception of one's body is termed as Body Image Dissatisfaction (BID), its outcome being an overall low self-esteem, externality, depression and distortion. It needs to be dealt with ... Read More
COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has emerged as the public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). This unmitigated pandemic had impacted particularly upon the personal and pro ... Read More
Objective: to share the experience regarding an innovative approach, “Seven-Flag Approach to Total Sanitation (7FATS) in Schools” introduced in Nepal. Background: Safe drinking-water, use of improved ... Read More
The fateful year of 2020 will go down the annals of history as the year during which global pandemic COVID-19 spread across the globe causing widespread confusion, panic, chaos and mayhem. As this res ... Read More
Healthcare systems are evolving and effective use of primary care services is the most efficacious solution. The establishment of a modern, value based primary healthcare system in Pakistan has the po ... Read More
Adolescence is considered one of the most crucial stages, and the second most rapid-growth period of life because most of the developmental growth occurs during this period. However, adolescent childr ... Read More
Information systems form the backbone of any organization, programme, or project. With the rapid expansion of technology, information systems used by the Governments have also evolved and expanded. In ... Read More
Assalam o Alaikum! My name is Asif Hasan. I am a heart surgeon, specializing in congenital heart surgery. My day-to-day work is in congenital heart surgery, particularly trans-plantation in children a ... Read More
This study is aimed to assess current status of paediatric cardiac surgery in Pakistan regarding the available procedures, hospitals and number of patients being treated. Data was collected through re ... Read More
As the need for quality assurance in the provision of endoscopy services was felt increasingly across the globe, various training assessment and accreditations bodies such as the Joint Advisory Group ... Read More
Abstract Pakistan has one of the highest prevalence of liver and kidney diseases which are responsible for a high level of morbidity and mortality. In order to combat the increasing number of these di ... Read More
1.Shi X, Mao J, Liu Y. Pulp stem cells derived from human permanent and deciduous teeth: Biological characteristics and therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2020 Apr; 9(4):445- ... Read More
Objective: To assess the factors affecting health care seeking behaviour among newly diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cases in Rawalpindi. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was ... Read More
Results of invasive positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in COVID-19 patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome are discouraging despite its prompt use. However noninvasive positive pres ... Read More
Objective: To determine pregnancy outcome in COVID-19 suspected and confirmed women presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: An analytical study comparing clinical outcome of confirmed COVID-1 ... Read More
Background: Reliable and peer reviewed information is of immense importance for preventive, diagnostic and curative solutions and efforts should be done to minimize inaccurate infodemics among post gr ... Read More
Background: Acute pancreatitis is the inflammatory disorder which can be mild or severe. Early diagnosis and proper assessment of the disease severity have a critical role in its treatment. Objective: ... Read More
Background: Leflunomide is a disease-modifying, anti-rheumatic drug, whose active metabolite Teriflu-nomide is licensed drug therapy for reducing progression in Multiple sclerosis. Intravenous high do ... Read More
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution ultrasonography for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears considering magnetic resonance imaging as gold standard. Methodology: This co ... Read More
Objective: This study was designed to conclude the success rate of external dacryocystorhinostomy surgery, patient concerns about surgical scar mark and their satisfaction with the appearance of surgi ... Read More
Background The causes of post-dates births are unknown, but they are more likely when a woman has experienced a previous post-dates birth. She can be at an increased risk for vaginal trauma and Caesar ... Read More
Objective: To determine the combine role of intravitreal injection Avastin and Posterior subtenon triamcinolone. Methodology: This prospective-randomized control trial study was conducted at Civil hos ... Read More
Objective: To analyze the most frequent radiographic abnormalities in COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, chest X-ray films and reports of COVID-19 patients admitted b ... Read More
Back Ground: Systemic sclerosis is a progressive, multi-organ autoimmune connective tissue disorder associated with widespread skin and internal organ fibrosis. Skin thickness correlates with organ in ... Read More
Background: Gallstones are very common worldwide with a prevalence of 6% in men and 29% in women of all ages. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for gallbladder diseases assoc ... Read More
Introduction: Stroke associated pneumonia has huge implications in morbidity, mortality and healthcare expenditure after an acute stroke. Objective: To determine the frequency of stroke associated pne ... Read More
Background: Expectant management of Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is a routine in most of the centres usually associated with fetal and maternal complications. Active management by inducing la ... Read More
Vaccines are the most safe, effective and economical mean of controlling Pandemic. Vaccines work by activating the natural immune response of human body. Vaccine manufacturing companies around the wor ... Read More
hospital-acquired infection, also known as nosocomial infection or hospital associated-infection, is defined as any infection that develops within 48 hours after hospitalization. It may develop either ... Read More
Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the world’s leading causes of neonatal (0 - 27 days) mortality. The use of glucocorticoids was proved useful among expecting women who had higher risk of Preterm birth. ... Read More
Pakistan has experienced major turbulence in terms of drug pricing over the course of the past two years, with prices jumping as high as 260% of their original. A country with a large majority of popu ... Read More
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is an uncommon variety of nephrotic syndrome in children which is often associated with hypertension. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES ... Read More
Background: Fetal echocardiography helps in early recognition, and hence, prompt treatment of congenital heart diseases. Inability to do so leads to increased morbidity and mortality among children. S ... Read More
Objective: To compare the lipid profile in Hepatitis C patients having cirrhosis with healthy comparison group and determine the relationship of lipid profile change with the severity of liver disease ... Read More
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder which is associated with sleep disruption and poor quality of life. It is often found to be a comorbid condition in individuals having cardiovascular d ... Read More
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional outcome of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPCP) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) after failed close ... Read More
Objective: To determine correlation of thyroid function test in patients with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C. Methods: A cross-sectional study with non-probability purposive sampling technique was ... Read More
Objective: To find out the frequency of hypothyroidism in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome children and to correlate thyroid hormone status with laboratory parameters. Methods: The study was carri ... Read More
Objective: To determine the effect of daily intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on vital physiological parameters of low birth weight newborns. Methods: This Quasi-experimental study was conducted ... Read More
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is usually accompanied with raised neutrophil count (NC) that results in higher rates of short-term post-MI adverse outcomes and chronic heart failure (CHF). Obj ... Read More
Objective: Bell’s palsy is one of the most frequent forms of facial palsy affecting 75% of the cases. Different physiotherapy techniques are utilized for treating Bell’s palsy which aims to rebuild no ... Read More
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of patient position during surgery using direct lateral approach for total hip arthroplasty. Methods: Randomized controlled prospective stud ... Read More
Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common problem experienced by women of reproductive age. Dilatation and curettage (D&C) is one of the most popular method for diagnosing the pathology. But w ... Read More
Abstract Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children clinically diagnosed as pneumonia Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with the collaboration of patho ... Read More
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects every aspects of quality of life and varies with disease severity especially among females. Objective: To ass ... Read More
Background: In recent years different techniques for hemorrhoidectomy have been introduced. Ligasure hemorrhoidectomy is a new technique associated with minimum procedure related complications. Object ... Read More
Abstract Background: In an emergency setting, non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding in upper region of gastrointestinal tract is the common presentation. Multiple factors interact constantly to maint ... Read More
Objective: The purpose of this study is to observe the efficacy of a single injection of Bevacizumab into meibomian gland in decreasing eyelid margin vascularization and its effect on the level of the ... Read More
Background: Data from many studies suggest that deficiency of vitamin D has got role in pathophysiology of cirrhosis. Though the vitamin D deficiency has strong assossiation with chronic liver disease ... Read More
Background: The success of restoration depends upon the marginal seal of restorative material with tooth structure. Marginal gaps result in microleakage and development of secondary caries. Objective: ... Read More
It is human nature to find ways to do more with less and faster. This instinct is at the root of all advances and inventions that resulted in the Industrial Revolutions (IR). The first industrial revo ... Read More
Since Alexander Fleming has discovered antibiotics (penicillin) in 1928 a new era of treatment of many diseases has started. Treatment of lots of diseases takes a new step, which in turn improves morb ... Read More
