Punjab History: From Ancient Period to 1947
تلخیص
A number of books and article on the history of the Punjab
have been written and published, but these mostly deal with one or
other aspect or period of history. There are very few in which the
history of the Punjab has been dealt with briefly from Ancient times
to the present times until 1947 when Pakistan was established and
the Punjab was divided between Hindustan and Pakistan on Muslim
or non-Muslim population basis. This article deals with the history
of the Punjab from ancient times to 1947. Moreover, in most of the
books, the history and position of the Punjab during the Muslim
period of rule has been ignored or not focused. This article focuses
the position of Punjab during the whole of Muslim period from 712
AD to 1799 AD. The Muslim Rule has been divided into two
periods; first starting from 712 when Mohammad bin Qasim
conquered Sindh and Multan when Arabic language was made
dominant, second starting from 1021 when Sultan Mahmood of
Ghazna conquered Multan and Lahore and made Persian language
as and official language of the Punjab. This Persian language and
cultural influence continued for centuries to come until the coming
of Ranjit Singh who was also forced to allow continuation of Persian
language as the official language of the Punjab and NWFP (now
KP). Multan and Lahore were two important provinces especially during the Mughal period of rule starting from 1526. It also deals
with the Sikh period from 1799 to 1849. The specialty of the Sikh
rule was that it not only kept up the Persian language as the official
language of Punjab but pattern of administration was also on the
Muslim pattern continuing since centuries. The British rule began
from 1849. When the British Viceroy, Lord Dufferen, came to
Lahore in Nov 1888, he addressed the Darbar in Persian language.
In this Darbar, the elite of Lahore consisting of Sikhs, Muslims, and
Hindus were invited. The British did contribute a lot towards the
developments of the Punjab in terms of urban development, forest
development, cultivation, canal development from the five rivers of
the Punjab and establishment of some new cities of the Punjab as
discussed in this article. As far as the sources used in this article are
concerned, an effort has been made to be careful enough to use the
reliable sources of our history so that authentic version of the
position of the Punjab in history is explained.
پروفیسر ڈاکٹر ریاض احمد, ڈاکٹر کشورسلطانہ. (2020) تاریخ پنجاب: زمانہ قدیم تا 1947ء, , Volume 31, Issue 1.
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