تلخیص
Pakistan had no worthwhile civil society and hardly any
middle class in 1947 due to rampant illiteracy and absence of
an independent media. The masses were poor, the country was
described an “economic desert” and there was an
unprecedented influx of refugees. The country lacked the
necessary infrastructure and institutions. The capability to
develop them was lacking. The external and internal threats to
the security of the country turned it into a security state. Weak
political leadership created space for civil-military bureaucracy.
This led to the cut-off periods in democratic governance, which
was derailed thrice in 1958, 1977 and 1999. At present, the
country is partially developed, the middle class is growing and
civil society is assertive; a vibrant media has come up, and
majority of the population is literate. There is an overall urge
for peace. The people have demonstrated their preference for
constitutional government and the rule of law, and to have an
independent judiciary to strengthen democratic governance.
Dr Noor ul Haq. (2010) Governance And Democracy In Pakistan: Weaknesses, Strengths And Prospects, IPRI Journal, Volume-10, Issue-1.
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