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This paper analyses whether Pakhtun culture shapes discourse and gender
identities or discourse and gender identities shape Pakhtun culture. The paper
begins with the definition of culture and discourse that I use in this paper. The
respondents’ answers are based on literary and human rights discourse,
highlighting the cultural impact on literature and subsequently their
understanding of human rights. In my findings the linguistic markers present in
all respondents’ discourse include usage of evaluative clauses, agency, moral
geography, linguistic gender markers, “I” →“you”/“we” and “you” →“we”
transitions, lamination/voices and code-switching. I analyze these linguistic
findings by following theoretical paradigms explicated by Althusser (1971),
Pêcheux (1982), and Leap (2003). Thus, concluding that Pakhtun culture
primarily shapes discourse and gender roles.
Anoosh Khan. (2012) Gendered Voices: Human Rights and Literary Discourse You don’t speak Pukhto [Pashto]; you do Pukhto.—Pashto proverb1, The Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, Volume-20, Issue-1.
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