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James P. Carse in Finite and Infinite Games defines finite a game that is played to win between two exclusive opponents within an established period of time and according to agreed-upon rules. There is one winner and one loser. There is much in international diplomacy that seems to fit this model. Carse introduces a second category that he calls infinite games—games that are played without time constraints or specific rules; the goal is simply to continue the game. The effort to strengthen the relationship between parents and a child might be an example, where the focus is on the relationship rather than exclusive agency, and the goal is to deal effectively with complex situations as they arise. Can this distinction be used productively to theorize the ongoing violence and terror that is consuming Pakistan? This article engages game theory and demonstrates that the Pakistan Army and the Taliban exhibit quite different understandings of and strategies for the ongoing war. It is this difference in understandings that underpins the inability to engage each other and also explains why this war has become protracted.

Syed Sami Raza, Muhammad Ayub Jan, Ghazala Rafi. (2016) War and Game Theory: Reflecting on the War on Terror on the Pakistan-Afghanistan Borderland, Pakistan Journal of Criminology, Volume-08, Issue-4.
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