تلخیص
The tribal culture of Pashtuns inhabiting the North-Western border of Pakistan has evolved over a long time spreading over several centuries. Given its unique geographical location, barren terrains and above all its distance from the centre has enabled the Pashtun tribesmen to preserve their ancestral culture in its natural form. The US invasion of Afghanistan, however, caused unprecedented rupture in the tribal society, affecting almost every part of the Pashtun culture. This paper gives a critical analysis of some of the basic Pashtun’s cultural values practiced in Waziristan that have undergone dynamic changes as a result of the rising militancy in the region. These values include: Panah (Pashto: Asylum), Melmastya (Pashto: Hospitality), Badal (Pashto: Revenge), Tigah (Pashto: Ceasefire) etc, which in combine constitute Pashtunwali, a major component of the Pashtun culture. These cultural values are interpreted and analyzed both in the pre and post-9/11 period in order to know the level of change they have experienced during War on Terror (WOT).
ڈاکٹر ارشاد محمود ناشاد. (2019) حکیم محمدیوسف حضروی اور اُن کا سفرنامہ سیرِسوات , , Volume 30, Issue 2.
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