تلخیص
Systematic human anatomical dissection was not a pursuit of medieval Islamic society any more than it was in the contemporary Christian lands. Many Muslim scholars lauded the study of anatomy, primarily as a way of demonstrating the design and wisdom of Almighty God. Many noteworthy contributions were made in the history of anatomy and physiology by eminent medieval Muslim physicians. First the study of anatomy started with the translation of Greek manuscripts. But within a couple of hundreds of years, Muslim surgeons started performing surgery with their primary focus on Ophthalmology. All the major Arabic and Persian medical encyclopedias had sections on anatomy. These were occasionally illustrated with schematic diagrams of the eye or the cranial sutures, bones of the upper jaw, blood circulation, or the nervous system. Many books were written detailing various surgeries, surgical instruments were invented, hospitals with surgical wards were founded, and Muslim physicians corrected many mistakes found in medical books of previous physicians and surgeons. Mansur ibn Yusuf ibn Ilyas produced an atlas of the human body with colored diagrams. It consists of an introduction followed by 5 chapters on the 5 `systems' of the body: bones, nerves, muscles, veins and arteries, each illustrated with a full-page diagram. Towering figures like Zakariya Razi, Ibn Sena, al-Zahrawi, Ibn Nafis made phenomenal breakthroughs in surgical techniques. Their medical works were used as text books in medieval Europe which brought about Renaissance. This article covers a wide variety of contributions of Muslim surgeons in the field of surgery
زکریا ورک. (2018) سرجری اور عہد وسطیٰ کے ممتاز مسلم سرجن , , Volume 29, Issue 1.
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