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The current study aimed at translation and adaptation of Simplifying Mental Illness plus Life Enhancement
Skills (SMILES) Program. It comprised of two phases: phase I was the translation and adaptation of SMILES
Program, and Phase II was the pilot testing of the program. Translation and adaptation of SMILES Program
comprised of six steps. Step I was forward translation of SMILES Program. Step II was the adaptation of
SMILES Program. Step III was about determining the appropriateness of the adapted material with the
consultation of experts and parents. In step IV Urdu translated material was analyzed by experts in ten
committee meetings. Step V was the back translation of the SMILES Program. After receiving the back
translations, the conceptual and linguistic equivalence between the back translated and the original SMILES
Program was established in Step VI by following the committee approach. After adaptation of the entire
program, it was pilot tested on a sample of ten offspring (children and adolescents) of depressed parents.
Diagnosed depressed parents were taken from different hospitals; the diagnosis was reconfirmed by
administering Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale (Siddiqui & Shah, 1997). Parents had to rate their children on
Child Problem Checklist (Tariq & Hanif, 2007). Knowledge questionnaire and Life Skill Questionnaire were
filled by children themselves. Results showed that all scales were quite reliable. High positive correlation was
found between original, forward translated (Urdu) and backward translated (English) versions of Knowledge
Questionnaire (KQ) and Life Skill Questionnaire (LSQ). It was also evident that parental depression was
positively correlated with behavioral problems of their children.
Mussarat Jabeen Khan, Syeda Shahida Batool. (2013) Translation and Adaptation of Simplifying Mental Illness plus Life Enhancement Skills (SMILES) Program., Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Volume 11, Issue 2.
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