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Nephropathy due to damage of filtration barrier is a primary origin of end stage ren al disease in Diabetics. It is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Mostly clinicians rely on urin ... Read More
Oral cancer is labeled as one of the most common human malignancy worldwide. Regardless of the advancements made in its treatment it has a very low 5 years survival rate. This is due to late diagnoses ... Read More
Urogenital anomalies are common, correspond to 33% of all congenital anomalies and supernumerary kidney is one of the rarest entity; less than hundred cases have been reported in the past. The Supernu ... Read More
Endometritis is the most common infection that occurs postpartum. Postpartum endometritis is tenfold to 20-fold more common among women who delivered by cesarean section than women who delivered vagin ... Read More
Background: Different professions are under a great deal of stress related to a variety of oc cupational stress factors. These factors contribute to decreased job satisfaction, decreased work outpu ... Read More
Background: Obstetric hemorrhage is one of the most important causes of maternal mortality. Severe postpartum hemorrhage is known to raise the mortality rate. There is a higher incidence of death f ... Read More
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, precancerous condition of oral mucosa characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction along with hyalinization of lamina propria. Th ... Read More
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains a common clinical problem in both the community and health care associated settings. In Pakistan, this is also a common issue and each patient shou ... Read More
Background: Hepatosplenic sizes of children vary with age .There are many diseases which affect the sizes of the liver and spleen ranging from acute liver disease to other hepatosplenic disorders . ... Read More
Background: The trend of dissection training is at the verge of extinction all around the world. With literal mushrooming of private medical colleges, supporting varied degree of medical facilities ... Read More
Background: For an adolescent the requirement of sleep does not decline though the opportunity to sleep is limited on account of lifestyle predilections, academic schedules, and compelling changes ... Read More
ABSTRACT Background: The ABO Blood group system has been evaluated many a times for increased risk of vascular accidents and heart diseases. This study aims to prove that the reason behind the decre ... Read More
Background: Rape is amongst the most prevalent sexual assault against women in Pakistan.These bullets when fired damage the physical, psychological, social, and economical well being of the victim, ... Read More
Background: Fall from height is a tragedy, largely avertable, often leading to death or morbidity. Apart from the physical dimension, it also has important medico-legal implications. There is a dea ... Read More
Presently, Ebola epidemic in West Africa emphasizes an immediate need to update management guidelines of viral hemorrhagic fever and develop new vaccines and treatments. Already, there are reports of ... Read More
Background: In Pakistan, the bacteriological quality of drinking water is not closely monitored andprevalence of waterborne diseases due to the contamination of drinking water is among the most com ... Read More
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), a very distressing situation for the patient and physician, occurs in 1-5% of women who conceive. The cause of recurrent miscarriage is multifactorial, it may be caused ... Read More
CHARGE syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by a specific and recognizable pattern of anomalies. It is estimated to occur in 1:10,000 births worldwide with various clinical manifestations. The ... Read More
Brachymesophalangia is the most common hereditary anomaly of the middle phalanges. Brachymesophalangia–V (BMP-V) is the terminology used for a short and broad middle phalanx of the fifth digit which c ... Read More
Objective: To assess usefulness of student’s seminars in teaching of physiology. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted from January 2010 to December 2011. The students seminars were sche ... Read More
Background: Prescription writing is highly intricate. It is a reflection of the prescriber’s knowledge of clinical pharmacology and well-defined judgment. Weak prescribing skills are mostly exhibit ... Read More
Background: Prescription writing is highly intricate. It is a reflection of the prescriber’s knowledge of clinical pharmacology and well-defined judgment. Weak prescribing skills are mostly exhibit ... Read More
Background: Herbal medicine or phytotherapy is the science of using herbal remedies for the treatment of diseases. Nowadays increasing number of people are using herbal medicines because of lower l ... Read More
Background: A family history of prostate cancer has been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer development, but the risks were inconsistent in terms of the affected family members and t ... Read More
Background: Dengue fever and malaria both can present with thrombocytopenia and is regarded as a strong predictor of dengue fever. Thrombocytopenia is also considered criterion of disease severity, ... Read More
Background: In recent years, the importance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms for various types of disease and cancers has been investigated by a great numb ... Read More
Background: Cotinine is a major metabolite of nicotine and retains for a substantial time in different body fluids. It is considered as a passive smoke exposure marker. Studies on different biochem ... Read More
Background: Appendicitis is a very common surgical clinical condition and appendectomy is a frequently performed procedure worldwide. Although obstruction caused by fecoliths or lymphoid aggregatio ... Read More
The term Andragogy was introduced by Malcom Knowles, based on the seven principles of adult learning. These present guidelines to teach learners in an independent way. The main philosophy being to pro ... Read More
Uterine leiomyoma’s are noncancerous growths of the uterus1 and represent the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract. Fibroids affect 20-50% of women of reproductive age, while its ... Read More
According to regulatory guidelines, Fresh Frozen Plasma expires within 24 hours of thawing. Therefore, if transfusions are delayed or cancelled, FFPs are often wasted. The coagulation factor activity ... Read More
Hands-on postgraduate training on techniques are the foundation of professional development in research. The medical professionals generally show resistance towards learning laboratory techniques espe ... Read More
Background: Diarrhea is cited as one of the main causes of death for infants and children, especially in squatter settlements, owing to poor sanitary conditions. Treatment and prevention of diarrhe ... Read More
Background: The role of vitamin D, a steroid hormone that exerts most of its biological activities by binding to the vitamin D receptor, in health and disease is far from understood and the literat ... Read More
Background: Thyroid gland volume (TGV) is highly variable as it is greatly influenced by age, gender, anthropometric measurements and geographical location. It has become essential for every popula ... Read More
Background: Caesarean section rate as a mode of delivery has been increasing in the recent years despite the three fold increased risk of mortality compared to vaginal deliveries. This study is con ... Read More
Background: Osteporosis is increasingly observed as a major public health concern as it leads to poor quality of life, pain and often disability for those effected. Especially in the developing cou ... Read More
Background: The presence of around 12 or more follicles in one or both ovaries with diameter ranging from 2-9mm is known as polycystic ovaries (PCO). This condition is associated with hyperandrogen ... Read More
Background: Many conditions related to appendix present as appendicitis. These conditions can range from fecolith obstruction to tumors .Carcinoid tumors are most common tumors to present in append ... Read More
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality assessment test that measures the psychological preferences of different people and helps them identify their strengths and limitations, intere ... Read More