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Background: Information technology (IT) is a new way of teaching and learning. One of the promising media of information technology is e-Learning, which is used to enhance knowledge and skills among ... Read More
Urinary bladder perforation is most commonly observed after pelvic trauma. It can also be a result of iatrogenic injury during various surgical procedures. Very rarely, diseased bladder can spontaneo ... Read More
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is described by destruction of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) as a result of binding of antibodies to red blood cell surface antigens. White blood cells are usually normal ... Read More
Background: Antenatal care and effective services are the hallmarks of effective pregnancy outcome. Thus, practices by community care providers throughout labor and childbirth might affect health out ... Read More
The key to successful management of any disease is its timely screening and diagnosis. Undetected and uncontrolled diabetes increases the chances of oral diseases, especially periodontitis. Chronic p ... Read More
Globally regenerative medicine is considered as one of the rapidly growing biomedical industry have objective to substitute damaged cells. Cell transplantation is less intrusive than whole-organ tran ... Read More
Proper visualization of the eye structures is the hallmark of diagnosis in eye diseases. With advent of newer techniques and instruments, the significance of anterior segment eye structures is furthe ... Read More
Background: Setting of conventional glass ionomers cement and dental resin composites as filling materials is predominantly through polymerization reaction, which is usually induced by light. The obj ... Read More
Background: Epilepsy is fairly a frequent occurrence in the elderly. It is commonly diagnosed after the episode of two or more unprovoked seizures. Unprovoked seizures in elderly are recurrent rather ... Read More
Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LTRIs) are emerging as the most common infectious diseases of humans. Antibiotic resistance has increased in all the major pathogens therefore, this pr ... Read More
Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a sequence of serious unfavorable maternal and perinatal outcomes specially if uncontrolled. Although insulin is a standard therapy, Metformin can b ... Read More
Background: Smoking has multisystem effects on human body due to hypoxia and systemic inflammation, which it produces. This contributory effect is observed in ocular tissues as well. The aim of the s ... Read More
Background: The most common benign pathological lesion in women of reproductive age is uterine leiomyoma. Gestational trophoblastic disease includes tumors and tumor like lesions originating from tr ... Read More
Background: The risk factors for asthma exacerbations are well understood. However, the effect of vitamin D levels on number of asthma exacerbations per year is not clearly studied. The objective of ... Read More
Background: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is considered the most frequently dealt primary glomerulonephritis, worldwide. The Berger’s disease or IgA nephropathy is a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephrit ... Read More
Background: Omentin-1 is a novel adipocytokine expressed from visceral adipose tissues and is closely associated with obesity, inflammation and coronary artery disease. Central or abdominal obesity h ... Read More
Background: There has been a shift in medical education from didactic teaching to small group teaching which stresses on the importance of student active participation in problem-solving and critical ... Read More
Uninhibited proliferation and abnormal cell cycle regulation are the hallmarks of cancer. The main role of cyclin dependent kinases is to regulate the cell cycle and cell proliferation. These protein ... Read More
The aim of this case study was to report a very uncommon and rarely seen, but serious condition, involving spine. Hydatid cyst is caused by Echinococcus granulosus mainly. It is rarely found in spine ... Read More
Granulosa cell tumor is a rare type of ovarian tumor, which arises from sex cord stroma. Histologically this tumor has two types and is named according to the common age group they affect; adult gran ... Read More
Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 started from Wuhan, China and spread throughout the world, from the day it infected first person until now it has been the leading cause of death in 2020. It has ... Read More
Background: December 2019, marked the beginning of novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) from China (Wuhan), which hit the general population and healthcare systems, worldwide, as a pandemic. Karachi reported ... Read More
Oral cancer, the most challenging and life threatening disease in the field of dentistry, may start as a reactive lesion due to constant stimulus from tobacco consumption, transform into a pre-malign ... Read More
Many hazards are often associated with different occupations and known as occupational hazards. Dentistry is also one of those professions having many occupational risks. Such hazards are broadly ca ... Read More
Background: Dengue fever presentations are from asymptomatic fever to most serious complications. Acute high-grade fever, muscle and joint pain, myalgia, skin rashes, hemorrhage and circulatory shock ... Read More
Background: Cancer is becoming serious and emerging health concern around world. In Pakistan, 8% of all deaths are due to cancer as one of the major cause. Treatment of cancer consists of surgical ma ... Read More
Background: Oral health is considered the most important factor in determining general health of an individual, since it reflects the condition of the whole body. This study was outlined to demonstra ... Read More
Introduction: Dental care for older population is becoming a matter of concern within the National health services (NHS) United Kingdom (UK) due to increasing life expectancy of older people and rete ... Read More
Background: The palatal rugae are special constructions that are inalterable in their position and pattern during the lifestyles of an individual. This imparts them an exceptional role in the forensi ... Read More
Background: Nephrostomy tract itself is the most common source of hemorrhage during percutaneous nephrolithotomy, which can be avoided by puncturing through the calyx with minimal angulation between ... Read More
Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has now become one of the most common and important complication of pregnancy worldwide. There are conflicting results of various studies regarding th ... Read More
Background: Whether diabetics should fast or not in Ramadan has been a controversial idea since long and the answer even more debatable. It confers safety measures to be known by the diabetics thorou ... Read More
Background: Retention is an integral phase in which teeth are maintained in their newly adapted position for which retainers are inserted. Retainers are generally of two types: removable and fixed. F ... Read More
Background: Amlodipine is a Ca++ channel blocker, routinely used for treatment of hypertension. The mechanism underlying its anti-hypertensive effect is dilatation of blood vessels. Testosterone, the ... Read More
Background: High-risk (HR) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is an established cause of cervical cancer. HPV genotype detection is significant in preventing cervical cancers through targeted vaccination. Ou ... Read More
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major global causes of death. Different types of gene are involved as Ankyrin repeat domains of RNASE L gene. It performs a significant role in antiv ... Read More
Since the WHO has declared the Covid 19 pandemic, number of cases is on rise but not attained peak in Pakistan. Although people are affected by COVID-19 throughout the world but the impact of, the di ... Read More
Background: The prevalent use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) requires health professionals including doctors and dentists having the essential knowledge to have better recommend th ... Read More
Rapid progress is being made in the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, allowing repeated findings of new genes and a more in-depth analysis of genetic polymorphisms behind ... Read More
Background: The 2015-2016 Zika Virus Outbreak caused global concern. A study was done to assess knowledge about viral hemorrhagic fevers amongst healthcare professionals, which found only 57% docto ... Read More
Background: Precompetitive anxiety refers to an indistinct but unrelenting feeling of uneasiness and dread in hours prior to the competition. Precompetitive anxiety has been shown to affect an athl ... Read More
This paper aims to highlight the detrimental periodontal condition in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) and the pivotal role of a Periodontist in the diagnosis of the condition. PLS is al ... Read More
Background: Medical emergencies are an unfortunate part of the dental practice, to which the dentist must have the required knowledge and means to counter them. In this study, we aimed to determine t ... Read More
Background: Regular voluntary unpaid blood donation assures safe blood supply in association with minimum infection transmission. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of regular vo ... Read More
Oral cancers are prevalent in our region and their management requires an upgrade in terms of advanced techniques. Immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach across the world that has shown signif ... Read More
Fractures around wrist joint are common complication happening after fall on an outstretched hand. It is more common in female, and mostly in age above 55 years. Different methods of treatment has be ... Read More
Tissue biopsy, till date, is a gold standard for tumor diagnosis, grading, treatment, and detecting genetic evidences for identifying appropriate personalized treatments. However, it is painful, invas ... Read More
Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) can be described by means of capabilities possessed by a person to recognize feeling, and to manage emotions. For instance, active types of blood are O and B ... Read More
Background: Joint substitution of lower limbs like hip and knee replacements are viewed as a high volume surgery with great achievement rates and physical restoration assumes a significant role in ... Read More
Background: Unfortunately, in Pakistan, there are many myths associated with family planning practices hence general reluctant perception of couples is observed especially just after childbirth. In ... Read More
Background: Suicidal attempts are a global problem and their rate of incidence is increasing day by day. This study aimed to elucidate the patterns of suicidal poisoning cases presenting in three t ... Read More
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most widely recognized reason for death in patients of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS continue to be on ... Read More
Background: Although the treatment of acute asthma in the emergency department varies, the administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is usually recommended adjacent to corticosteroids and broncho ... Read More
Background: Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative disorder of cervical spine prevalent in our population. The disease advances insidiously that worsens with time. This study aims to highlight the fa ... Read More
Background: The pulp tissue is confined within hard tissue boundaries and cannot be examined directly for health evaluation. Hence, its assessment is usually based on sensibility tests. Accurate diag ... Read More
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a commonly prevailing disease among women. Disease progression deformities such as ulnar and radial shift of the wrist, Boutonnière, swan neck deformity and ... Read More
Background: It has been well documented that administering a prophylactic antibiotic brings down the rate of postoperative wound infection very strikingly in carpal tunnel release (CTR) surgery. Carp ... Read More
Background: Thyroxine has shown beneficial effects on intelligence, learning, and memory process in patients of congenital hypothyroidism. Minocycline has been used in clinical practice for various i ... Read More
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma are the most common esophageal cancers. Barrett’s esophagus is the change of esophageal stratified squamous epithelium to columnar cells ... Read More
Today, the swiftness of epidemics of infectious disease is alarming. To date vaccines have been an enormous success for not only preventing but completely eradicating a number of malicious infectious ... Read More
Plummeting the burden that is increasingly posed by water related diseases is amongst the major public health goals for a developing country. The required growth and development experienced in develo ... Read More
Background: Family medicine is a field in which complete and detailed set of healthcare services are provided to the patients and their families. In developed countries, freshly graduated students ch ... Read More
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an orthopedic surgical technique in which the knee joint surfaces, the femoral condyles and tibial plateau, are substituted with prosthetic components.TKA is found eff ... Read More
Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is a neglected disease worldwide with severe physical and psychological consequences as many cases end up with amput ... Read More
Evaluating morphology of a root canal is important in determination of a successful endodontic therapy. This article highlights the need to be aware of different morphologies, which can exist in the r ... Read More
Background: The phenomenon of smoking among schoolchildren has been observed to stem from lenient attitudes of teachers towards smoking. Smoking, a health hazard, proven over years of research, leads ... Read More
Background: A virtuous understanding of Electrocardiogram is an indispensable ability and essential skill required in doctors. This study assessed the understanding of the electrocardiogram and acu ... Read More
Teeth veneering using composite resins are a conservative approach to improve aesthetics of patient. Due to the advancements in material science and improved clinical techniques, it has been made poss ... Read More
Resistin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, expressed by cells of the immune-inflammatory cells. Levels of this cytokine were significantly increased in premalignant oral lesion tissues. “The association ... Read More
Background: The prevalence of high-risk Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) in cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) varies widely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the pool ... Read More
Background: Exteriorization, a valuable repair of uterus technique during cesarean section, requires removal of uterus temporarily from the abdominal cavity to repair the incision. The objective of ... Read More
Background: Caesarean Sections (CS), significantly on the rise worldwide, have been found frequently complicated with the presence of a scar at the site of CS. It is associated with various gynecol ... Read More
Background: Penicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus commonly encountered in the hospital admitted patients. Detection of antibiotic sensitivity in hospital acquired methicillin resistant ... Read More
Background: Recent evidence states that about a quarter of all diabetic patients will experience an ulcer on foot at some point in their lifetime and 15-25% of these will require foot amputation. I ... Read More
Background: Stroke is the commonest life-threatening neurological disorder. The Abnormal narrowing or stenosis of the Carotid Artery is a major determinant of ischemic stroke in diabetic patients. ... Read More
Background: The role of thyroid gland is to regulate the hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, which is carried out by inducing erythropoietin gene expression. The study aimed to compare red cell indic ... Read More
Background: American Diabetes Association (ADA) made conspicuous changes in its 2019 Standards of Care Diabetes guidelines by choosing Glucagon like Peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists and Sodium Glu ... Read More
Background: Varying frequencies of ABO blood groups serve objectively to characterize populations just as the traditional characters are observed and measured by anthropologist. The study aimed to ... Read More
Background: Chinese Star anise is known as Illicium verum hook.f; a distinguished spice utilized in dishes, especially in the Asian region. However, it was not evaluated for its anticoagulant poten ... Read More
Background: Vitamin D maintains overall good health by boosting up of the immune system through proper function of lungs, heart, muscles, brain and bones. The goal of the study was to determine and ... Read More
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common metabolic disorders of pregnancy, is estimated to raise 16-27% worldwide every 10 years. Researchers, using Homeostasis model as ... Read More
Background: Pakistan has approximately eight million Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infected patients. Initial regimen of interferon-based along with ribavirin showed SVR (Sustained Virological Response Rat ... Read More
Pakistan is not only undergoing a demographic progression but it is also tormenting from epidemiological transition. Demographic transition is evident because birth rates are increasing (28.6 per thou ... Read More
The entrepreneurial universities aim to facilitate practical knowledge to students and industries to foster economic development. Many ideas were put forward to pioneer universities in the United Stat ... Read More