Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between income structure (income from advances, investment income, and fee income) of banks and insolvency risk in the banking sector of Pakistan. The study used the data set for the period of 2007 to 2015. Furthermore, the study used a Random Effect Model for data analysis after estimating multiple tests to determine the appropriate model for data analysis. In view of the results, the study shows mix results on the relationship between income structure and insolvency risk. The relationship between income from advances has an insignificant relationship with insolvency risk, while investment income and fee, commission and brokerage income are significantly related to insolvency. The results depict that a higher share of investment income decreases insolvency risk, while higher involvement of bank in generating fee income decreases the stability of bank and hence increases insolvency risk.

Shahzad Akhtar, Javed Iqbal, Noor Hayati Binti Ahmad, Moeed Ahmad Sandhu, Hassan Mujtaba Nawaz Saleem. (2018) Income Structure and Insolvency Risk: An Empirical Analysis of Banking Sector of Pakistan, Paradigms , Vol 12, Issue 2 .
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