Abstract
Objective: To study the frequency of periodontitis in diabetes mellitus patients and the impact of glycaemic
control on the severity of periodontitis.
Study Design: A descriptive observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was completed in six months from May2018 to November2018 in
Department of Medicine in collaboration with Dental Department of Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi.
Materials and Methods: This study included 150 participants. Participants were divided in two groups with 75
individuals placed in each group. The study group comprised of well controlled and poorly controlled diabetics
referred from medical OPD and medical wards, selected through non-probability consecutive sampling. The
control group involved normal healthy individuals. Glycemic control was evaluated by HbA1c level. Community
periodontal index (CPI) was recorded to compare the periodontal status of both groups using perioprobe.
Confounders like personal and oral hygiene habits along with diabetes profile, treatment and duration were
also recorded. Data analysis was done using SPSS, version 21.
Results: The frequency of periodontitis in diabetics and non-diabetics was 87.49 % and 8.51% respectively.
Mean-CPI was higher in diabetics (2.76 ± .78) compared to non-diabetics (1.88± .56) and was statistically
significant. Tooth loss was 59.8% in diabetics and 15% in non-diabetics. Poorly controlled diabetics had higher
mean-CPI (3.23± .38 vs2.24± .45, P <0.001) compared to well controlled diabetics. Mean-CPI score increased
with increase in duration of diabetes, 1.89± .51, 3.15± .56 and 3.32± .46 in patients with 1-5, 6-10 and >10 years
of diabetes respectively.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus patients have higher frequency of periodontitis as compared to non-diabetics.
Its severity increases as glycemic control worsens. Moreover, its severity also increases with duration of
diabetes.
Samia Kausar, Shamaila Burney, Khalil Ur Rehman, Zunera Jahanzab, Asim Zulfiqa, Amna Shoaib. (2019) Frequency of Periodontitis in Diabetes Patients. A Hospital Based Study, Journal of Islamic International Medical College, Volume-14, Issue-3.
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