Abstract
This mixed method study examines the impact of grade
retention on the self-esteem of elementary grade students. For
the quantitative part, 4th grade students (N = 305) from 42
public schools of Rawalpindi city were taken as the study
sample. Initially, this sample was divided into two main
groups, identified poor performers (n = 203) and the normal
group of students (n = 102). After annual examinations, the
former group was further divided in two subgroups on the basis
of the result, Repeaters Sample (n = 117) and Identified Poor
but Promoted Sample (n = 86). A two-phase panel study was
designed to collect quantitative data. The self-esteem of the
students was measured through Urdu translation of Beck Youth
Inventory for Self-Concept of Children (Steer, Kumar, Beck, &
Beck, 2005). For the qualitative aspect of the study, a group of
12 experienced primary school teachers teaching in public
schools of Rawalpindi city were selected as the key informants.
Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with
the participant teachers. The two sets of data were collected
concurrently, whereas the triangulation of both types was
carried out after the completion of the analysis stage. The
overall findings of the study suggested that the impact of grade
retention on the self-esteem of the repeaters was found to be
considerably negative.
Bushra Iqbal Chohan, Samina Amin Qadir. (2013) Self-Esteem of the Repeaters: A Mixed Method Study of Elementary Grade Students, Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, Volume-28, Issue-2.
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